LGBT Direct Action Bibliography, Chronology, and Inventory, 1965-73 – Marc Stein – March 2023

 

B = businesses

E = electoral politics, including politicians, public officials, and political parties

G = gay-ins and other LGBT gatherings

I = military, militarism, war

J = jails and prisons

M = media (newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television), arts, and culture

N = national, state, and local government policies and buildings, including courts

O = police

P = pride events, marches, parades, and protests

Q = LGBT targets, including organizations and businesses

R = religion, religious institutions, and religious policies

S = science, medicine, psychology, and psychiatry

U = universities, colleges, schools, and educational institutions

X = miscellaneous

 

1965

 

17 April 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington demonstration against U.S. and Cuban anti-LGBT discrimination at the White House (10 participants). Primary sources: “Cross-currents,” The Ladder, May 1965, 22; “Mattachine Pickets White House,” Citizens News, May 1965, 16; Warren D. Adkins and Dennis Livingstone, “‘We’re on the Move Now,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, June 1965, 4-7; Oscar Marlowe, “Homos on the March,” Confidential, Oct. 1965, 35, 58-61; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19; Peter Ogren, “The Sources of Gay Pride,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 6; David L. Aiken, “Gay is Now Okay in 2.6 Million Federal Jobs,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 4-5. [N]

 

18 April 1965: Mattachine Society of New York demonstration against U.S. and Cuban anti-LGBT discrimination at the United Nations/Hammarskjold Plaza (29 participants). Primary sources: “Cross-currents,” The Ladder, May 1965, 22; “Mattachine Pickets White House,” Citizens News, May 1965, 16; Warren D. Adkins and Dennis Livingstone, “‘We’re on the Move Now,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, June 1965, 4-7; Jackie Vale, “Homosexuals Picket LBJ for Equal Rights!” National Insider, 18 July 1965, 1; Oscar Marlowe, “Homos on the March,” Confidential, Oct. 1965, 35, 58-61; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19. [N]

 

25 April-2 May 1965: Two LGBT sit-ins and five days of Janus Society leafletting against denials of service to LGBT people at Dewey’s restaurant in Philadelphia (10 participants, 4 arrests). Primary sources: Janus Society Newsletter, May 1965, 1-2; “News: Philadelphia,” Drum, Aug. 1965, 5-6; D. E., letter to the editor, Drum, Nov. 1965, 36. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B]

 

29 May 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington and East Coast Homophile Organizations demonstration against antigay government discrimination at the White House (12-13 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Stage Protest in Capital,” New York Times, 30 May 1965, 42; “Pickets Demand Fair Treatment for Homosexuals,” Washington Star, 30 May 1965; “Pickets Call Nation Unfair to Deviates,” New York Daily News, 30 May 1965, 6; Jackie Vale, “Homosexuals Picket LBJ for Equal Rights!” National Insider, 18 July 1965, 1; “Tangents,” ONE, July 1965, 13; “White House Picketed Again,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, July 1965, 23; “Homosexuals Picket in Nation’s Capital,” The Ladder, July 1965, 23-25; “Wash. Mattachine Lines Out Picketing Regulations There,” Citizens News, Aug. 1965, 2; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19. [N]

 

26 June 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington and East Coast Homophile Organizations demonstration against antigay employment discrimination at the U.S. Civil Service Commission (25 participants). Primary sources: “Will You Demonstrate?” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, May 1965, 3; “Homosexuals Picket in Nation’s Capital,” The Ladder, July 1965, 23-25; “Homosexuals Picket U.S. Civil Service Commission,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, Aug. 1965, 21-22; “Wash. Mattachine Lines Out Picketing Regulations There,” Citizens News, Aug. 1965, 2; Franklin Kameny, “Homosexuals Picket in Washington and Philadelphia,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, Sep. 1965, 19-21; front cover photograph, The Ladder, Oct. 1965; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19; “Picketing: The Results,” The Ladder, May 1966, 19; David L. Aiken, “Gay is Now Okay in 2.6 Million Federal Jobs,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 4-5. [N]

 

4 July 1965: East Coast Homophile Organizations demonstration against denials of LGBT rights, freedoms, and equality at Independence Hall in Philadelphia (30-50 participants). Primary sources: “Throngs Enjoy Sun, Shore on the Fourth,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 5 July 1965, 1; “Homosexuals Picket Independence Hall, Philadelphia Tribune, 6 July 1965, 4; ; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, July 1965, 1-2; “July 4^th: Independence Hall,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, Aug. 1965, 4-5; “Wash. Mattachine Lines Out Picketing Regulations There,” Citizens News, Aug. 1965, 2; Franklin Kameny, “Homosexuals Picket in Washington and Philadelphia,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, Sep. 1965, 19-21; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19; Marty Stephan, “Bitch: Summer’s Not Forever,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 12. [N]

 

31 July 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington demonstration against anti-LGBT discrimination in the U.S. military at the Pentagon (16 participants). Primary sources: Franklin Kameny, ; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, July 1965, 1-2; “Homosexuals Picket in Washington and Philadelphia,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, Sep. 1965, 19-21; back cover photograph, The Ladder, Oct. 1965; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19. [I]

 

28 August 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington and East Coast Homophile Organizations demonstration against anti-LGBT discrimination at the State Department (14 participants). Primary sources: “Rusk Probed on Picketing,” The Ladder, Oct. 1965, 18; Franklin Kameny, “State Department Picketed,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Nov. 1965, 20-21; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19. [N]

 

26 September 1965: LGBT demonstration against Episcopalian Church mistreatment of Canon Robert Cromey at Grace Cathedral in San Francisco (12-50 participants). Primary sources: “Outspoken Canon Loses a Post,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Sep. 1965, 27; “Pickets Besiege Grace Cathedral,” San Francisco Chronicle, 27 Sep. 1965, 1, 7; “People,” San Francisco Examiner, 3 Oct. 1965, 4; “Grace Cathedral Picketed,” The Living Church, 10 Oct. 1965, 1; Robert Warren Cromey, letter to the editor, The Living Church, 31 Oct. 1965, 22; “Grace Cathedral Picketed,” Vector, Oct. 1965, 1, 11; “Pickets,” Cruise News & World Report, Oct. 1965, 6; “Tangents,” Tangents, Nov. 1965, 21; “A Brief of Injustices,” The Ladder, Nov. 1965, 4-5. [R]

 

23 October 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington and East Coast Homophile Organizations demonstration against anti-LGBT discrimination at the White House (45 participants). Primary sources: Kay Tobin, “Picketing: The Impact & the Issues,” The Ladder, Sep. 1965, 4-8; “New Picketing of White House,” Cruise News & World Report, Nov. 1965, 19; “Washington Protest,” Vector, Dec. 1965, 1; Franklin Kameny, “White House Picketed,” Homosexual Citizen, Jan. 1966, 12-13; Eva Friend, “Yet Another Picket,” Homosexual Citizen, Jan. 1966, 13-14; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19. [N]

 

1966

 

21 April 1966: Mattachine Society of New York “sip-in” to challenge New York state’s anti-LGBT bar regulations at Julius Bar (3 participants). Primary sources: “3 Deviates Invite Exclusion by Bars,” New York Times, 22 Apr. 1966, 43; Charles Grutzner, “S.L.A. Won’t Act Against Bars Refusing Service to Deviates,” New York Times, 26 Apr. 1966, 55; Jay Levin and Normand Poirier, “Three Test Law That Bars Drinks for Homosexuals,” New York Post, Apr. 1966; “City May Act on Bars Which Refuse Deviates,” New York Post, May 1966; “New York Sip-In,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, May 1966, 3; Lucy Komisar, “Three Homosexuals in Search of a Drink,” Village Voice, 5 May 1966, 15; “Homosexuals in NY Test Law on Assembly,” Cruise News & World Report, June 1966, 11; “Homosexuals Demand to be Served,” Homosexual Citizen, June 1966, 9; Charles Alverson, “A Minority’s Plea: U.S. Homosexuals Gain in Trying to Persuade Society to Accept Them,” Wall Street Journal, 17 Jul. 1968, 1, 23. [B] [N] [Q]

 

21 May 1966: Committee to Fight Exclusion of Homosexuals from the Armed Forces demonstrations, motorcades, and rallies in Berkeley (Sproul Hall), Los Angeles (downtown motorcade), New York City (Central Plaza Hall Annex), Philadelphia (Naval Yard), San Francisco (Federal Building, 40-300 participants), and Washington, D.C. (White House and Pentagon, 17 participants). Primary sources: “National Protest Day,” Citizens News, Feb. 1966, 1 and foldback; Clark P. Polak, “Homophile Conference,” Drum, Apr. 1966, 25-26; “U.S. Homophile Movement Gains National Strength,” The Ladder, Apr. 1966, 4-5; “Homosexuals Open Drive to Serve in Armed Forces,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 17 Apr. 1966, 35; Peter Bart, “War Role Sought for Homosexuals,” New York Times, 17 Apr. 1966, 12; “Homosexuals Ask for Military Duty,” San Francisco Chronicle, 18 Apr. 1966, 16; Paul Coates, “Problem for Army,” Los Angeles Times, 24 Apr. 1966, ?; “Homosexuals to Demand Right to Serve Their Country,” Cruise News & World Report, Apr. 1966, 10; “Homosexuals Rally for Equal Draft,” Berkeley Barb, 20 May 1966, 1, 10; David Sanford, “Boxed In,” New Republic, 21 May 1966, 8-9; “Deviates Demand the Right to Serve,” San Francisco Examiner, 22 May 1966, 3; “Armed Forces Day,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, May 1966, 1-2; “Protest Day May 21,” Daughters of Bilitis San Francisco Newsletter, May 1966, 1-2; “Armed Forces Day,” Vector, May 1966, 3; Don Slater, “Protest on Wheels,” Tangents, May 1966, 4-8; “Homosexuals Protest Draft Exclusion,” Vector, June 1966, 1, 6; “President Speaks,” Vector, June 1966, 2; “News,” Drum (nos. 18-19), c. June 1966, 27-28; John Marshall, “May 21^st Nationwide Protest,” Homosexual Citizen, June 1966, 3-4; “Rally to Protest Exclusion of Homosexuals from the Armed Forces,” Cruise News & World Report, June 1966, 5-8; “The Protest: A Qualified Success,” Citizens News, July 1966, 1, 4, 9; “Protests,” Janus Society Newsletter, July 1966, 2; John Marshall, “Nationwide Attack on Draft Injustices,” Homosexual Citizen, July 1966, 5-8; Franklin Kameny, “Marching to the Pentagon,” Homosexual Citizen, July 1966, 8-9; “Philadelphia,” Drum, no. 23, c. Jan. 1967, 25. [I] [I] [I] [I] [I] [I] [N] [N] [N] [N] [U]

 

2 July 1966: Brooklyn Heights Mattachine Society demonstration against anti-LGBT bias, censorship, and discrimination at Brooklyn Heights Press (20 participants). Primary sources: Herman Slade, “Brooklyn Heights Mattachine Society,” Homosexual Citizen, Sept. 1966, 12-13; “Leitsch Visits Brooklyn,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Sep. 1968, 8. [M]

 

4 July 1966: Annual Reminder demonstration, sponsored by Association for Responsible Citizenship, Homosexual Law Reform Society, Mattachine Midwest, Mattachine Society of New York, Mattachine Society of Washington, and Phoenix Society for Individual Freedom, at Independence Hall in Philadelphia (50 participants). Primary sources: “July 4^th Demonstration,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, June 1966, 2; “July 4^th Demonstration,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1966, 3; “Protests,” Janus Society Newsletter, July 1966, 2; “Philadelphia Here We Come,” Cruise News & World Report, July 1966, 1; “Reminder Demonstration Success,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Aug. 1966, 9; Denny, “Homophile Freedom Song,” Homosexual Citizen, Sep. 1966, 14-15. [N]

 

18 July 1966: Vanguard demonstration against anti-LGBT mistreatment and police harassment at Compton’s Cafeteria in San Francisco (25 participants). Primary sources: Herb Caen, “Light Summer Reading,” San Francisco Chronicle, 20 July 1966, 21; “Young Homos Picket Compton’s Restaurant,” Cruise News & World Report, Aug. 1966, 1 and foldback; Laurence Tate, “Exiles of Sin, Incorporated,” Berkeley Barb, 11 Nov. 1966, 5; The Christopher Street West-SF Parade Committee 1972, “History of Christopher Street West-S.F.,” Gay Pride – San Francisco, 25 Jun. 1972, 8-9; Herb Caen, “The Herbaceous Boarder,” San Francisco Chronicle, 31 Aug. 1972, 29. [B] [O]

 

August 1966: LGBT riot against anti-LGBT mistreatment and police harassment at Compton’s Cafeteria in San Francisco. Primary sources: Herb Caen, “Light Summer Reading,” San Francisco Chronicle, 20 July 1966, 21; “Young Homos Picket Compton’s Restaurant,” Cruise News & World Report, Aug. 1966, 1 and foldback; Laurence Tate, “Exiles of Sin, Incorporated,” Berkeley Barb, 11 Nov. 1966, 5; The Christopher Street West-SF Parade Committee 1972, “History of Christopher Street West-S.F.,” Gay Pride – San Francisco, 25 Jun. 1972, 8-9; Herb Caen, “The Herbaceous Boarder,” San Francisco Chronicle, 31 Aug. 1972, 29; Reverend Raymond Broshears, “Thoughts and Opinions,” Bay Area Reporter, 8 Jan. 1976, 7-8. [B] [O]

 

1 and 4 September 1966: Association for Responsible Citizenship, Daughters of Bilitis, Society for Individual Rights, Tavern Guild, Council on Religion and the Homosexual, and Straight and Associates demonstrations at the California State Fair in Sacramento (20-30 participants). Primary sources: “CRH Accepts ARC Proposal for State Fair Booth,” ARC News, June 1966, 3; “Homosexual Group Fights Ban at Fair,” San Francisco Chronicle, 22 Aug. 1966, 1, 8; “State Fair Homosexual Ban Upheld,” San Francisco Chronicle, 23 Aug. 1966, 2; “Homosexual Ban Will Go to Court,” San Francisco Chronicle, 24 Aug. 1966, 9; Jackson Doyle, “Hearing Set on Homosexual Information Booth at Fair,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Aug. 1966, 24; “The Week’s News in Review,” San Francisco Examiner, 28 Aug. 1966, 148; “Homosexual Booth at State Fair,” Vector, Aug. 1966, 1; Jackson Doyle, “Homosexual Dispute: Leaflet Flurry at Fair Gates,” San Francisco Chronicle, 2 Sep. 1966, 3; “State Fair Booth Cancelled,” Vector, Sep. 1966, 1, 9; “Every Tenth Person Is A Homosexual!” The Ladder, Oct. 1966, 21-22; “The Picture Story at the State Fair,” Cruise News & World Report, Oct. 1966, 12. [N] [N]

 

10 September 1966: San Francisco Planning and Urban Renewal Association San Francisco Week rally with Vanguard speaker (and predictions about future riots) at Union Square. Primary sources: Norman Melnick, “Gripes and Boquets: Everybody Speaks Out at SPUR Rally,” San Francisco Examiner, 11 Sep. 1966, 6. [X]

 

1 October 1966: Mattachine Midwest demonstration against anti-LGBT bias, censorship, and discrimination at Chicago Daily News and Chicago Sun-Times (4 participants). Primary sources: Irv Kupcinet, “Kup’s Column,” Chicago Sun-Times, 29 Sep. 1966, 106; Bill Kelley, “Radio, Leaflets, Ads Mark Oct. 1,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Oct. 1966, 7. [M]

 

October 1966: Vanguard “sweep-in” to protest conditions in San Francisco’s Tenderloin (40 participants). “Sweep-In,” Vanguard, Oct. 1966, 4-5. [X]

 

1967

 

11 February 1967: Personal Rights in Defense and Education (PRIDE) demonstration against police brutality at Black Cat bar (200-500 participants). Primary sources: “Editorial,” Tangents, Jan. 1967, 2; “Harassment,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Jan. 1967, 9; Jim Highland, “Raid!” Tangents, Jan. 1967, 4-7; “Monster of a Protest Set for Saturday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Feb. 1967, 1, 5; Herb Donaldson, “L.A. Gay Bar Harassment,” Vector, Feb. 1967, 1, 6; Larry Powell, “Cops Start Bar Brawl,” PRIDE Newsletter, Feb. 1967, 1, 5. 6; “PRIDE Demonstration,” PRIDE Newsletter, Feb. 1967, 1; “Cops Start Bar Brawl,” PRIDE Newsletter, Feb. 1967, 1, 5, 6; John Bryan, “Police Outrages Help Create Los Angeles Homosexual Rights Drive,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Mar. 1967, 5; Franklin Kameny, “Sad Celebration in L.A. Gay Bars,” Homosexual Citizen, Mar. 1967, 3-6; P. Lane, “Los Angeles Police Win First Round in Brutality Cases,” Vector, Mar. 1967, 3, 22; P. Lane, “Pickets Protest Police Sadists,” Vector, Mar. 1967, 20; “Judge Acquits Beating Victim in ‘New Faces’ Raid,” PRIDE Newsletter, July 1967, 1, 4; “Court Affirms Black Cat Convictions; Higher Appeal Set,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1967, 2; Webster Schott, “Civil Rights and the Homosexual: A 4-Million Minority Asks for Equal Rights,” New York Times Magazine, 12 Nov. 1967, 44-45, 49-54, 59; “Year-Old Black Cat Case Still Has Three Lives,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1968, 1, 4; “Black Cat Case: A Good Sign,” Los Angeles Advocate, May 1968, 2; “Supreme Court Turns Down Black Cat Case,” Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1968, 3; Mel Holt, “‘Black Cat’ Revisited,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1969, 17; Jeff Buckley, “Los Angeles ’69,” Vector, July 1969, 10-11; Steve Ginsburg, letter to the editor, San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 6; Jim Kepner, “When Did Gay Militancy Begin,” The Advocate, 23 Dec. 1971, 2, 10. [B] [O] [Q]

 

4 July 1967: LGBT “Annual Reminder” demonstration at Independence Hall in Philadelphia (25-30 participants). Primary sources: “An Uneventful Demonstration,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1967, 1-2; “Pickets Aid Homosexuals,” New York Times, 5 July 1967, 5; Rose DeWolf, “Another Minority Bids for Equality,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 6 July 1967, 3; “July 4^th: 3^rd Annual Reminder Picket,” The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1967, 1; “News,” Drum, Sep. 1967, 7; Webster Schott, “Civil Rights and the Homosexual: A 4-Million Minority Asks for Equal Rights,” New York Times, 12 Nov. 1967, 44-45, 49-54, 59. [N]

 

21 October 1967: LGBT demonstration against Los Angeles gender impersonation law at Redd Foxx Club (25 participants). Primary sources: Gertrude Gipson, “Candid Comments,” Los Angeles Sentinel, 26 Oct. 1967, B8; “That’s Life,” Jet, 16 Nov. 1967, 37; “Sir Lady Java Fights Fuzz-y Rule Nine,” Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1967, 1, 2; “While Lady Java Is Stymied,” Los Angeles Advocate, Feb. 1968, 3; Jack Foster, “Police OK Full Drag,” Los Angeles Advocate, Feb. 1969, 1. [B] [N]

 

1968

 

23 April 1968: Columbia University Student Homophile League demonstration against anti-LGBT bias and exclusion at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons panel on homosexuality. Primary sources: Robert Russell, letter to the editor, Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “Campus Liberation,” Gay Activist, June 1971, 11. [S] [U]

 

8 May 1968: Bucks County Community College student demonstration against cancellation of Mattachine Society speaker in Newtown, Pennsylvania (200 participants). Primary sources: “College to Discuss Homosexual Unit,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 3 May 1968, 4; “Homosexual Club Head to Speak,” County Collegian, 7 May 1968, 1; “Homosexual Talk KOd,” Bucks County Courier Times, 9 May 1968, 3; “Students Protest at Bucks College,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 10 May 1968, 35; “Bucks College Cancels Talk; Protest Mild,” Doylestown Daily Intelligencer, 10 May 1968, 3; Scoop Lewis, “Collegians Protest Ban of Homosexual,” Bucks County Courier Times, 10 May 1968, 43; An Education Suppressed, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 14 May 1968, 6; E. Stanley Rittenhouse, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 14 May 1968, 6; E. Stanley Rittenhouse, letter to the editor, Doylestown Daily Intelligencer, 16 May 1968, 4; Martha Van Atta, “Students Stage Protest Demonstration: But Then Cooled It,” County Collegian, 14 May 1968, 1, 3; Kurt Weidner, “Students Hear ‘The Topic’ Discussed in Rump Session,” County Collegian, 14 May 1968, 1, 2; “Queries Put to Dean Lee,” County Collegian, 14 May 1968, 1; “Collegians Re-Slate Homosexual,” Bucks County Courier Times, 16 May 1968, 1, 14; “BCCC Unit to Handle Odd Woes,” Doylestown Daily Intelligencer, 16 May 1968, 1; “Bucks Officials Told to Stem ‘Filth’ Wave Periling College,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 16 May 1968, Northeast Section, 1; “College and Community: Students Ask Why Their Speaker Was Banned,” Delaware Valley Advance, 16 May 1968, 1, 6; “Keeping Sense of Values,” editorial, Bucks County Courier Times, 17 May 1968, 6; “Not an Ostrich,” letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 17 May 1968, 6; Toni Franzolino, “Collegians Cancel Homosexual’s Talk,” Bucks County Courier Times, 17 May 1968, 1; Dyanne Marron, “Protest Shows Need for Communication,” Sunday Times Adver., 19 May 1968, 1, 3; “Big ‘Family’ at College,” Bucks County Courier Times, 21 May 1968, 3; “Ad Hoc Policy Committee Confirms Ban on Leitsch,” County Collegian, 21 May 1968, 1, 3; Dan Marseglia, letter to the editor, County Collegian, 21 May 1968, 3; J. W. D., letter to the editor, Philadelphia Inquirer, 23 May 1968, Northeast Section, 1; Michael Barton, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 23 May 1968, 6; Chuck Berry, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 23 May 1968, 6; Thomas Beccone, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 24 May 1968, 6; M. J. Frye, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 29 May 1968, 6; “Interested Reader,” letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 29 May 1968, 6; Ronald Delp, letter to the editor, Philadelphia Inquirer, 30 May 1968, Northeast Section, 1; May Owen, letter to the editor, Delaware Valley Advance, 30 May 1968; Arleen Carlin and Sam Earl, “There Are Problems with a Growing College,” Bucks County Courier Times, 5 Oct. 1968, 24; “News: Censorship,” Drum, Dec. 1968, 29; Harry Cressman, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 24 Feb. 1969, 36; Henry Deni, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 1 Mar. 1969, 11; Harry Cressman, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 13 Mar. 1969, 6. [U]

 

20 June 1968: Society for Individual Rights, Council on Religion and the Homosexual, Daughters of Bilitis, and National Legal Defense Fund demonstration against anti-LGBT bias and classification of homosexuality as mental illness at American Medical Association convention in San Francisco. Primary sources: David Perlman, “A Medical View of the Homosexual,” San Francisco Chronicle, 19 June 1968, 1, 28; David Perlman, “The Homosexuals Reply to Doctor,” San Francisco Chronicle, 21 June 1968, 1, 22; W. E. Beardemphl, “A.M.A. Attacks Homosexuals as Psychopathological,” Vector, July 1968, 5-6; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Sep. 1968, 29-30. [S]

 

3 July 1968: Society for Individual Rights, Council on Religion and the Homosexual, Daughters of Bilitis, and National Legal Defend Fund demonstration against anti-LGBT government discrimination at Federal Building in San Francisco (24-50 participants). Primary sources: William Cooney, “Homosexual Rally on ‘Bill of Rights,’” San Francisco Chronicle, 4 July 1968, 2; “Reminder Day,” Daughters of Bilitis San Francisco Newsletter, July 1968, 1; “San Francisco Gays Picket, Demand Rights,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1968, 2; W. E. B. [William E. Beardemphl], “Homosexuals Call for Completion of the American Revolution,” Vector, Aug. 1968, 5. [N]

 

4 July 1968: Eastern Regional Homophile Conference “Annual Reminder” demonstration at Independence Hall in Philadelphia (50 participants). Primary sources: “Fourth Annual Reminder,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Mar. 1968, 7; “July Fourth Demonstration,” Daughters of Bilitis Philadelphia Newsletter, July 1968, 4; “July 4^th Picket Great Success Despite Slight Site Changes,” The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1968, 1. [N]

 

18 August 1968: Demonstration at Los Angeles Police Department station against anti-LGBT police harassment at the Patch (25 participants). Primary sources: “‘Patch’ Fights Three-Way Battle,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1968, 2, 25; Dick Michaels [Richard Mitch], “‘Patch’ Raids Police Station,” The Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1968, 5-6; “Editorial: Courage Catches On,” The Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1968, 5; Michael S., “‘God Deamn Queer!’ The Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1968, 6; Lee Glaze, letter to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1968, 19, 20; “A New Resident,” letter to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1968, 20; Dick Michaels [Richard Mitch], “Landlord Lowers Boom, Closes Patch as ‘Nuisance,’” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1969, 1. [B] [O] [Q]

 

1969

 

9 April-26 June 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom demonstrations against the firing of an openly gay employee at States Steamship Company in San Francisco (weekdays from 9 April to 12 June and then weekly on Wednesdays from 12 June to 26 June, with 6-50 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Rebel Gets Shafted by Uptight Boss,” Berkeley Barb, 4 Apr. 1969, 11; “Militant March by S.F. Homosexuals,” San Francisco Chronicle, 10 Apr. 1969, 3; “Homo Revolt Blasting Off on Two Fronts,” Berkeley Barb, 11 Apr. 1969, 11; “Pink Panthers Gay Revolution Toughening Up,” Berkeley Barb, 18 Apr. 1969, 11; “Picket!!,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 22 Apr. 1969, 1; “Gay Strike Turns Grim,” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “What’s Happening,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 1; Jerry Weiss, “Why Are We Rocking the Boat?” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 2; Leo E. Laurence, “Total Commitment To Be Gay,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 2; “Escalation Begins,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 6 May 1969, 1; “Gays to Sit,” Berkeley Barb, 9 May 1969, 12, 15; “Gay Split,” Berkeley Barb, 9 May 1969, 13; “What’s Happening,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 13 May 1969, 1; Leo E. Laurence, “An Historic Battle,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 13 May 1969, 1; Ramon Contreras, “A Meaning of the States Lines Confrontation,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 13 May 1969, 1-2; Leo Laurence, “Winker Finked On—Fired,” Berkeley Barb, 16 May 1969, 9; “Homosexual Group Forms Here,” Daily Californian, 19 May 1969, 2; “Spirited Line Downtown,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 20 May 1969, 1; Morgan Pinney, “Do Your Possessions Own You,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 20 May 1969, 1; “S.F. Firm Fires Gay, Stirs Protest,” Los Angeles Advocate, May 1969, 3; “SIR Dumps Vector Editor,” Los Angeles Advocate, May 1969, 3; Leo E. Laurence, “S.I.R. Secretary Quits in Disgust,” Berkeley Barb, 6 June 1969, 11; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Still After State,” Berkeley Barb, 27 June 1969, 11; “Laurence Recall Fails at SIR,” Los Angeles Advocate, June 1969, 8; “S.I.R. Business,” Gold Sheet, June 1969, 2; Leo Laurence, “Gays Get Panther OK,” Berkeley Tribe, 25 July 1969, 7; Gale Whittington, “CHF 1^st Victory!” Vector, July 1969, 8; “SIR Pushes for Murder Inquiry,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1969, 10. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B]

 

25 April 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom, Society for Individual Rights, and Council on Religion and the Homosexual demonstrations in San Francisco and Berkeley, and motorcade from Glide Church to the Berkeley Police Department, against the killing of Frank Bartley by Berkeley police. Primary sources: Hoffman, “Inquest Finds Sadism Excusable,” Los Angeles Free Press, 11 Apr. 1969, 2; Keith Wall, letter to the editor, Los Angeles Free Press, 25 Apr. 1969, 5; Steve Haines, “Homo Death: Killer Cops at Large,” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “Gay Strike Turns Grim,” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “Protest Killing,” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “How U.S. Homos Are Hassled,” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “Calls Gay Death ‘Official Murder,’” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; Charles Howe, “Berkeley Killing: Police Picketed by Homosexuals,” San Francisco Chronicle, 26 Apr. 1969, 4; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 1-2; “Homo Death: Group Will Act,” Berkeley Barb, 2 May 1969, 11; “Gay Split,” Berkeley Barb, 9 May 1969, 13; “Homo Murder Complaint Set,” Berkeley Barb, 16 May 1969, 12, 19; “Homo Memorial,” Berkeley Barb, 30 May 1969, 13; “Homosexuals Seek to Bar Decoys,” San Francisco Chronicle, 26 June 1969, 6; “In Memoriam: Frank V. Bartley,” Vector, June 1969, 5; “SIR Pushes for Murder Inquiry,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1969, 10. [O]

 

30 April-2 May 1969: Los Angeles Committee for Homosexual Freedom solidarity picketing at States Steamship Lines. “Picketing Begins in Los Angeles,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 1; “Gay Strike Hits Southern Front,” Berkeley Barb, 2 May 1969, 11; Dal McIntire and Ed Jackson, “States Lines Picketing Spreads to Los Angeles,” Los Angeles Advocate, June 1969, 1, 11, 12. [B] [B] [B]

 

10 May 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom participation in War Resisters League grape boycott demonstration at Safeway store in San Francisco. Primary sources: “Picket Safeway May 10,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 6 May 1969, 2; “Huelga Day,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 13 May 1969, 1; “Gays Join Boycott,” Berkeley Barb, 16 May 1969, 9; “Boycott Off Take,” Berkeley Barb, 16 May 1969, 9. [B]

 

17, 24, and 25 May 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom demonstrations against employment discrimination at Tower Records in San Francisco (15 participants). Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Winker Finked On—Fired,” Berkeley Barb, 16 May 1969, 9; “Second Front Opens at Tower,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 20 May 1969, 1; “Gays Get Tougher,” Berkeley Barb, 23 May 1969, 31; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Hold Tight As Hoods Attack,” Berkeley Barb, 30 May 1969, 13; “V-T Day: Victory Scored at Tower Records,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 5 June 1969, 1-2; “Gays Win: Record Dealer Bows to Gays, Rehires Clerk,” Berkeley Barb, 6 June 1969, 11; “S.I.R. Business,” Gold Sheet, June 1969, 2; Leo Laurence, “Gays Get Panther OK,” Berkeley Tribe, 25 July 1969, 7; Gale Whittington, “CHF 1^st Victory!” Vector, July 1969, 8; “Pickets Win; Tower Records Rehires Boy,” The Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1969, 6, 35; “SIR Pushes for Murder Inquiry,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1969, 10. [B] [B] [B]

 

28 June-3 July 1969: LGBT riots to protest police raid on the Stonewall Inn in New York (500-3000 participants, 21-22 arrested). Primary sources: “Village Raid Stirs Melee,” New York Post, 28 June 1969, 4; Dennis Eskow, “3 Cops Hurt As Bar Raid Riles Crowd,” New York Daily News, 29 Jun. 1969, 30; “4 Policemen Hurt in ‘Village’ Raid: Melee near Sheridan Square Follows Action at Bar,” New York Times, 29 June 1969, 33; “Police Again Rout ‘Village’ Youths: Outbreak by 400 Follows a Near-Riot over Raid,” New York Times, 30 June 1969, 22; “N.Y. Homosexuals Protest Raids,” Washington Post, 1 July 1969, E2; “Hostile Crowd Dispersed Near Sheridan Square,” New York Times, 3 July 1969, 19; “Cop Injured: 5 Seized in Village,” New York Post, 3 July 1969; Lucian Truscott IV, “Gay Power Comes to Sheridan Square,” Village Voice, 3 July 1969, 1, 18; Howard Smith, “View from Inside: Full Moon over the Stonewall,” Village Voice, 3 July 1969, 1, 25; Leo Laurence, “Gays Hit NY Cops,” Berkeley Barb, 4 July 1969, 5; Jerry Lisker, “Homo Nest Raided, Queen Bees Are Stinging Mad,” New York Daily News, 6 July 1969, M1, M6; Jay Levin, “The Gay Anger behind the Riots,” New York Post, 8 July 1969, 36; Ronnie Di Brienza, “Stonewall Incident,” East Village Other, 9 July 1969, 2; “Queen Power: Fags against Pigs in Stonewall Bust,” Rat, 9 July 1969, 6; letters to the editor, Village Voice, 10 July 1969, 4, 49; Walter Troy Spencer, “Last Call: Too Much My Dear,” Village Voice, 10 July 1969, 36; Bill Wingell, “Great to Be Gay: A Time for Holding Hands,” Distant Drummer, 10 July 1969, 8; E. W., letter to the editor, New York Post, 11 July 1969, 40; John Gabree, “Homosexuals Harassed in New York,” National Guardian, 12 July 1969, 14; Jefferson Fuck Poland, “Lady Inspectors,” Berkeley Barb, 16 July 1969, 17; Leo E. Laurence, “Mafia in the Middle,” Berkeley Tribe, 18 July 1969, 13; Lige [Elijah Hadyn Clarke] and Jack [John Richard Nichols], “Pampered Perverts,” Screw, 25 July 1969, 16; Leo Laurence, “Gays Get Panther OK,” Berkeley Tribe, 25 July 1969, 7; [Dick Leitsch], “The Hairpin Drop Heard around the World,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 21-23; D. L. [Dick Leitsch], “Gay Riots,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 24-25; William B. Kelley, “Riot, Tree-Cutting Mark NYC Gay Scene,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, July 1969, 7; Len Lear, “‘Gay Power’ Brigade Burns New York Bar,” Philadelphia Tribune, 5 Aug. 1969, 28; C. Thorp, “Go to Christopher Street,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 25 Aug. 1969, 3; D. L. [Dick Leitsch], “Gay Riots in the Village,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 1-2, 4; D. L. [Dick Leitsch], “The Stonewall Riots: The Police Story,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 5-6; D. L. [Dick Leitsch], “The Stonewall Riots: The Gay View,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 13-14; “D.D.’s New York,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 18-19; “Boys Out of Jail,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 19; Bobbie Huff, “N.Y. Po-lice Scream at Queens,” Magpie, Aug. 1969, 14; Editorial, Tangents, Aug. 1969, 2; “Tangents,” Tangents, Aug. 1969, 14-15; A. B. and C. F. [Ada Bello and Carole Friedman], “Give Me Liberty Or…,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 1-2; A. B. [Ada Bello], “The Second Largest Minority,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 2; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1969, 1-3; Dick Leitsch, “Police Raid on N.Y. Club Sets Off First Gay Riot,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1969, 3, 11-12; Homophile Youth Movement, “Get the Mafia and the Cops Out of Gay Bars,” c. 29 June 1969, reprinted in Gay Power (1.2), c. Sep. 1969, 3; “The Birth of Gay Power,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Sep. 1969, 1-2; Nancy L. Ross, “Homosexual Revolution,” Washington Post, 25 Oct. 1969, C1-C2; “Policing the Third Sex,” Newsweek, 27 Oct. 1969, 76-77; Christopher Cory, “The Homosexual: Newly Visible, Newly Understood,” TIME, 31 Oct. 1969, 56-67; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Oct. 1969, 4; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 40; Don Jackson, “Reflections on the N.Y. Riots,” Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1969, 11, 33; Charles P. Thorp, letter to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1969, 20; Tom Burke, “The New Homosexuality,” Esquire, Dec. 1969, 178, 304-318; Lige and Jack, “Remember the Stonewall!” GAY, 29 June 1970, 5. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

 

2 July-6 August 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom weekly Wednesday demonstrations against employment discrimination at States Steamship Company in San Francisco. Primary sources: Julie Smith, “Homophile Gay-Is-Good Movement,” San Francisco Chronicle, 2 July 1969, 22; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 8 July 1969, 1; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 31 July 1969, 2; Gale Whittington, “CHF 1^st Victory!” Vector, July 1969, 8. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B]

 

4 July-1 August 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom weekly Friday demonstrations against government policies at the Federal Building in San Francisco. Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Gays Still After State,” Berkeley Barb, 27 June 1969, 11; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 8 July 1969, 1; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 31 July 1969, 2. [N] [N] [N] [N] [N]

 

3 July 1969: Society for Individual Rights march to military recruiting stations in San Francisco. Primary sources: “Gays Confront Gov’t.,” Vector, July 1969, 11. [I]

 

4 July 1969: Fifth Annual Reminder, sponsored by Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations, at Independence Hall in Philadelphia (60-150 participants). Primary sources: A. B. [Ada Bello], “In the Movement,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1969, 4-5; “Gay Is Good,” Queen’s Quarterly, Summer 1969, 38-39, 51-52; Bill Wingell, “Great to Be Gay: A Time for Holding Hands,” Distant Drummer, 10 July 1969, 8; “150 Homosexuals Parade Before Independence Hall to Protest Mistreatment,” Philadelphia Tribune, 12 July 1969, 5; Len Lear, “Confederate Flag Flies Atop White House,” Philadelphia Tribune, 15 July 1969, 9, 28; “Reminder Day Demonstration,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, July 1969, 6; “In the News,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 9; “The Fifth Fourth,” The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, July 1969, 1-2; “Gays Confront Gov’t.,” Vector, July 1969, 11; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1969, 2-3; A. B. [Ada Bello], “The Second Largest Minority,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 2; The Ladder, Oct. 1969, front cover, 39-40, back cover. [N]

 

10-12 July 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom demonstrations against anti-LGBT discrimination at Funland in San Francisco. Primary sources: Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 8 July 1969, 1. [B] [B] [B]

 

14 and 19 July 1969: LGBT participation in demonstrations at Women’s House of Detention in New York. Primary sources: “From Outside the Pen,” Rat, late July 1969, 4; Leo Skir, “Gay Liberation,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 8-13. [J] [J]

 

27 July 1969: Mattachine Society of New York and Daughters of Bilitis New York “gay power vigil” and march from Washington Square to the Stonewall Inn (500 participants). Primary sources: “From Outside the Pen,” Rat, late July 1969, 4; Jonathan Black, “Gay Power Hits Back,” Village Voice, 31 July 1969, 1, 3; Len Lear, “‘Gay Power’ Brigade Burns New York Bar,” Philadelphia Tribune, 5 Aug. 1969, 28; William B. Kelley, “Gaylimnufry,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 2; Lige Clark and Jack Nichols, “N. Y. Gays: Will the Spark Die?” Los Angeles Advocate, Sept. 1969, 3, 12; Lige and Jack, “New York Notes,” Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1969, 6, 8; “Gay Liberation Meetings” and “The Gay Power Vigil,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 40-41; Marty Stephan, “Bitch: Summer’s Not Forever,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 12; Tom Burke, “The New Homosexuality,” Esquire, Dec. 1969, 178, 304-318; Leo Skir, “Gay Liberation,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 8-13. [B] [N] [O]

 

10 August 1969: Mattachine Society of New York and Daughters of Bilitis New York demonstration against antigay vigilantism in a Kew Gardens park (50-100 participants). Primary sources: David Bird, “Trees in a Queens Park Cut Down as Vigilantes Harass Homosexuals,” New York Times, 1 July 1969, 1, 29; “Vigilantes Chop Up ‘Homosexual’ Park,” San Francisco Chronicle, 1 July 1969, 5; David Bird, “Queens Resident Says the Police Stood By as Park Trees Were Cut,” New York Times, 2 July 1969, 38; S; Al Sostchen and Timothy Lee, “Heckscher: Probe Anti-Homosexual Vandals,” New York Post, 2 July 1969, 32; Dirck van Sickie, letter to the editor, New York Post, 3 July 1969; “Police Did Answer Call on Cut Trees,” New York Times, 3 July 1969, 29; William Primavera, letter to the editor, New York Times, 3 July 1969, 30; David Bird, “2d Witness Tells of Park Tree-Cutting,” New York Times, 4 July 1969, 25; John Bickford, letter to the editor, New York Times, 5 July 1969, 18; “Arboreal Vandals in Queens,” New York Times, 7 July 1969, 32; David Bird, “Police Continuing Inquiry on Trees,” New York Times, 16 July 1969, 50; “Vigilantes Destroy Park,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 25; William B. Kelley, “Riot, Tree-Cutting Mark NYC Gay Scene,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, July 1969, 7; “KKK Rides in Queens,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 8-9; “Vandalism in Park,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 10; “Vigilantes Destroy Park,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, c. Aug. 1969, 24-25; “Tangents,” Tangents, Aug. 1969, 12-13; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1969, 1-2; “Inquiries Still Open in Tree-Chopping at Park in Queens,” New York Times, 18 Sept. 1969, 49; “Kew Gardens Rally,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Sept. 1969, 4; “‘Vigilantes Destroy N.Y. Park to Rout Homosexuals,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sept. 1969, 26; “The Birth of Gay Power,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Sept. 1969, 1-2; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 38; “Tangents,” Tangents, Oct. 1969, 17; Marty Stephen, “Bitch: Summer’s Not Forever,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 12; “Cross Currents, The Ladder, Dec. 1969, 29. [X]

 

12 September 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York demonstration against advertising policy censorship and anti-LGBT bias at the Village Voice. Primary sources: “News,” Gay Power (1.2), c. Sept. 1969, 22; Leo E. Laurence, “‘Homosexuals’ Play on U.C. Campus,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 11; Lige and Jack, “New York Notes,” Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1969, 26; Mike Brown, Michael Tallman, and Leo Louis Martello, “The Summer of Gay Power and the VV Exposed,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 10-11; “Village Voice Blackout?” GAY, 1 Dec. 1969, 10; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Dec. 1969, 32. [M]

 

28 September 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Theban Band protest in support of United Farm Workers grape boycott at Safeway store in Berkeley (1 arrest). Primary sources: “Unsafe,” Berkeley Tribe, 26 Sept. 1969, 4; Marcus, “Safeway Theatre: Gale’s Bust,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Oct. 1969, 7; Don Jackson, “Gay Militants Demonstrate for Rights at UC, Berkeley,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 1, 3. [B]

 

1 October 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York protest at League of Women Voters mayoral candidates’ forum at Temple Torah (13 participants). Primary sources: “Lindsay, Procaccino and Marchi Face Same Audience and Change the Mind of No One,” New York Times, 3 Oct. 1969, 30; “Procaccino: Jail or Asylum,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 4-5; Gay Commandoes, “The October Rebellion,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 5; Leo Louis Martello, “Gay Liberators Confront N.Y. Mayoralty Candidates,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 3, 12. [E]

 

5 October 1969: Theban Band, Gay Liberation Theatre, and Gay Guerilla Theatre performance at University of California, Berkeley, “disorientation” event. Primary sources: Don Jackson, “Gay Liberation Movement,” Berkeley Barb, 10 Oct. 1969, 12; Leo E. Laurence, “‘Homosexuals’ Play on U.C. Campus,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 11; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 16 Oct. 1969, 1; Leo Laurence, “Rock Hop Gay Ball,” Berkeley Tribe, 24 Oct. 1969, 13; “Gay Liberation Theatre,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 8-9; Don Jackson, “Gay Militants Demonstrate for Rights at UC, Berkeley,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 1, 3. [U]

 

7 October 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York protest at mayoral candidates’ forum at Greenwich Village Association (40 participants). Primary sources: Ralph Hall, “GLF News,” Gay Power (1.4), c. Oct. 1969, 9. [E]

 

12 October 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York participation in “Free the Fort Dix 38” demonstration at New Jersey military base (5 participants). Primary sources: Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.5), c. Oct. 1969, 18. [I]

 

15 October 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom, Gay Liberation Front Berkeley, and Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles participation in National Vietnam Moratorium Day protests in San Francisco and Berkeley; Gay Liberation Front New York participation in New York. Primary sources: Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.5), c. Oct. 1969, 18; “Gay Liberation Theatre,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 8-9; “Anti-War March Includes Gays,” GAY, 1 Dec. 1969, 3. [I]

 

15 October 1969: Gay Guerilla Theatre, Committee for Homosexual Freedom, and Gay Liberation Front zap of Society for Individual Rights meeting to protest its refusal to participate in the National Vietnam Moratorium in San Francisco (12 participants). Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Gays at War on Western Front,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 22; Committee on Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 16 Oct. 1969; “Liberationists Bolt Gay Establishment,” Berkeley Tribe, 17 Oct. 1969, 23; Stevens, “SIR?” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 7. [I] [Q]

 

24 October 1969: Gay Guerrilla Theatre protest at Tavern Guild’s Beaux Arts Ball in San Francisco (40-50 protesters). Primary sources: Leo E. Laurence, “Wear Your Gown All Year Round,” Berkeley Tribe, 31 Oct. 1969, 8; “Gay ‘Guerillas’ Picket Drag Ball,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 1, 2, 10, 16. [Q]

 

31 October 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Gay Liberation Front San Francisco demonstration against anti-LGBT bias at San Francisco Examiner and sit-in to protest police violence at City Hall (50-100 participants; 15 arrests). Primary sources: Robert Patterson, “The Dreary Revels of S.F. ‘Gay’ Clubs,” San Francisco Examiner, 25 Oct. 1969, 8; “Gay Liberation Front,” Berkeley Barb, 31 Oct. 1969, 6; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Penetrate Examiner,” Berkeley Tribe, 31 Oct. 1969, 4; Jerry Carroll, “Gay Melee at Examiner,” San Francisco Chronicle, 1 Nov. 1969, 5; “Protesting Homosexuals Seize City Hall in S.F.,” Washington Post, 1 Nov. 1969, A2; “Gay ‘Guerillas’ Picket Drag Ball,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 1, 2, 10, 16; “Bad Day for Gay Group,” San Francisco Chronicle, 4 Nov. 1969, 37; John James, “Out of the Bars and Into the Street,” San Francisco Good Times, 6 Nov. 1970, 6-7; Leo E. Laurence, “Gay Fifteen Get Shaft,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 7, 27; Leo E. Lawrence, “Gays Rising Up Angry,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 8; “Goons Gang Gay Guerillas,” Berkeley Barb, 7 Nov. 1969, 6; Larry Clarkson, “A Fairy Tale,” San Francisco Free Press, 15 Nov. 1969, 1, 2; Marcus Overseth, “24 Hours: From Bust to Bail,” San Francisco Free Press, 15 Nov. 1969, 3; Leo Laurence, “Blow Job and Other Stories,” Berkeley Tribe, 21 Nov. 1969, 11; “Didn’t Finger Gays Says City Cop,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 9; William Kelley, “L.A., S.F. Papers Picketed,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Nov. 1969, 7; Reese Erlich, “Berkeley’s Berlandt, Gay Liberation for Gay Dignity,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 Dec. 1969, 5; Don Jackson, “First Bloodshed in Gay Freedom Struggle,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 16, 20, 21; Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.8), c. Dec. 1969, 9; Del Martin, “Crime in the Streets,” Vector, Dec. 1969, 9; “S.I.R. Holds Firm,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1969, 7; Del Martin, “Examiner Accused of Yellow Journalism” and “Alvarez Not Guilty,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 7; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 20; “S.F. Cops Arrest 12 Pickets after Melee at Examiner,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 2, 10; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 36; M. Overseth, “Inside Look at Where We Stand,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 5. [N] [O] [M]

 

5 November 1969: Homosexual Information Center demonstration against advertising policy censorship and anti-LGBT bias at the Los Angeles Times (15-50 participants). Primary sources: “Tangents,” Tangents, Oct. 1969, 10; “Homosexual Unit Pickets the Times,” Los Angeles Times, 6 Nov. 1969, 11; Leo E. Laurence, “Times Hung Up,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 6; E. Sam Jones, “Gays Picket L.A. Times,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Nov. 1969, 11; William Kelley, “L.A., S.F. Papers Picketed,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Nov. 1969, 7; “Los Angeles Times Under Attack,” GAY, 1 Dec. 1969, 3; “Gays Picket Los Angeles Times,” GAY, 31 Dec. 1969, 3; “Tangents Urges L.A. Times Boycott,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 2; Jeff Buckley, “Los Angeles ’69,” Vector, Dec. 1969, 12; “Gays Picket L.A. Times over Paper’s Ad Policy,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 2; “L.A. Times Gives In; ‘Homosexual’ in Ads,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 5. [M]

 

12 November 1969: Radical Sexual Coalition demonstration against anti-LGBT media bias at TIME magazine in New York. Primary sources: “Major Mags Go Gay,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Dec. 1969, 10, 12; “News,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 6; Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 8; “Picketing TIME,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Dec. 1969, 8; Madolin Cervantes, “Is Militancy the Answer,” Gay Power (1.14), c. Apr. 1970, 8. [M]

 

14-15 November 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York and North American Conference of Homophile Organizations Youth Committee participation in antiwar moratorium demonstrations in Washington, D.C. Primary sources: Earl Galvin, Dan Smith, and Mike Brown, “Washington Moratorium: 3 Views,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Mar. 1970, 24. [I] [I]

 

15 November 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom, Gay Liberation Front Berkeley, Gay Liberation Theatre, and Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles participation in antiwar moratorium demonstration in San Francisco (400-500 participants). Primary sources: Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 16 Oct. 1969, 1; “Gay Liberation Theatre,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 8-9; “Gay Mobe,” Berkeley Tribe, 14 Nov. 1969, 3; Don Jackson, “Gay Liberation Peace March,” Berkeley Barb, 21 Nov. 1969, 5; “SFL Has Balls,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 4; Jefferson Fuck Poland, letter to the editor, Berkeley Barb, 5 Dec. 1969, 14; Michael Francis Itkin, “The Homosexual Liberation Movement: What Direction?” Berkeley Barb, 5 Dec. 1969, 16; Michael Francis Itkin, “The Homosexual Liberation Movement: What Direction?” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 8; Don Jackson, “Gay Liberation Peace March,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 16. [I]

 

15-16 November 1969: Committee for Homosexual Law Reform march to the California State Building in support of state sodomy law reform in Los Angeles (100-200 participants). Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Blow Job and Other Stories,” Berkeley Tribe, 21 Nov. 1969, 11; “March on Court,” Los Angeles Free Press, 21 Nov. 1969, 10; Don Jackson, “Los Angeles Gay Establishment,” Berkeley Barb, 28 Nov. 1969, 15; Don Jackson, “LA March,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 4; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Power,” Berkeley Barb, 12 Dec. 1969, 6; “Los Angeles Clergyman Leads 200 in Sex-Law Protest March,” GAY, 31 Dec. 1969, 3, 10; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 37. [N] [N]

 

27 November 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom, Gay Liberation Front, Gay Guerilla Theatre, and Sexual Freedom League rally in Union Square and march to anti-LGBT businesses, including Delta and Western Airlines, Tom Cat Theater, Trap bar, and Greyhound Bus Terminal in San Francisco (100-200 participants). Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Gays vs. KFOG,” Berkeley Tribe, 14 Nov. 1969, 13; Leo Laurence, “Blow Job and Other Stories,” Berkeley Tribe, 21 Nov. 1969, 11; Leo Laurence, “Instead of Turkey, Tender Loins,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 9; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Get Rise Out of Delta,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 11, 27; Don Burton, “Flying Straight: Coffee, Tea, or Me,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 15; “Gays Bend KFOG,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 27; “Gays Not Thankful,” Berkeley Barb, 5 Dec. 1969, 5; Leo E. Laurence, “Making Tracks Through San Fran,” Berkeley Tribe, 5 Dec. 1969, 24; “Anti-Thanksgiving March Stuns Exploiters,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 2; Francis Itkin, “Delta Sexual Fascism,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 2; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 37. [B]

 

6 December 1969: Committee for Homosexual Law Reform motorcade for state sodomy law reform in Los Angeles (140 participants). Primary sources: Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Power,” Berkeley Barb, 12 Dec. 1969, 6; Douglas Key, “Homosexual Motorcade Freaks Hollywood Blvd.,” Los Angeles Free Press, 12 Dec. 1969, 9; “More Demonstrations Set for Dec. 6, Jan. 11,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 1; “CHLR Sponsors Gay Motorcade,” Los Angeles Advocate, Feb. 1970, 3. [N]

 

17-24 December 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York peace vigil at Women’s House of Detention. Primary sources: Gay Liberation Front Bulletin, 23 Dec. 1969, 1; “Community Bulletin Board,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970, 2. [J] [J] [J] [J] [J] [J] [J] [J]

 

26-30 December 1969: Gay sex protest on church altar in Berkeley during five-day gay liberation symposium (5-6 participants). Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Doin’ It on the Altar,” Berkeley Tribe, 2 Jan. 1970, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Gay God Squad,” Berkeley Tribe, 9 Jan. 1970, 10. [R]

 

30 December 1969: Gay Liberation Front Berkeley and Students for Gay Power “kiss-in” at the University of California, Berkeley. Primary sources: “U.C. Berkeley Students for Gay Power Blow Some Minds,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 18 Jan. 1970, 2; Don Jackson, “Tele Kiss-In,” Gay Power (1.9) c. Jan. 1970, 5, 19; “Gay Lovers Now Personae Gratae on UC Campus,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Mar. 1970, 2l; Konstantin Berlandt, “Cheek to Cheek,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Mar. 1970. [U]

 

30 December 1969: LGBT participation in People’s Park march and rally in Berkeley, California. Don Jackson, “Gay Lib Conference & Symposium,” San Francisco Free Press, Jan. 1970, 9. [U]

 

31 December 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York demonstration at New York City Hall. Primary sources: Gay Liberation Front Bulletin, 23 Dec. 1969, 1. [N]

 

1970

 

6 January 1970: Gay Liberation Front New York demonstration at trial of Che actors. Gay Liberation Front Bulletin, 23 Dec. 1969, 1; Gay Liberation Front Bulletin, 30 Dec. 1969, 1. [N] [M]

 

11 January 1970: Committee for Homosexual Law Reform march for state sodomy law reform in Los Angeles (250-300 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Homosexual Motorcade Freaks Hollywood Blvd.,” Los Angeles Free Press, 12 Dec. 1969, 9; Douglas Key, “Gay Solidarity March,” Los Angeles Free Press, 23 Jan. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “West Coast Report,” Gay Power (1.9), c. Jan. 1970, 5, 19; Mel Holt, “Gay March in Hollywood,” Gay Power (1.9), c. Jan. 1970, 5; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 20; “More Demonstrations Set for Dec. 6, Jan. 11,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 1; “Hollywood March,” Vector, Feb. 1970, 14; Mel Holt, “Committee for Homosexual Law Reform in Hollywood Protest,” San Francisco Free Press, Feb. 1970, 11; “250 March in Los Angeles,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1970, 1; Douglas Key, “Gay Spirit Inspires Catholic Rage,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 16, 19; “Rev. Perry Leads 250 in L.A. March for Rights,” Los Angeles Advocate, Mar. 1970, 1, 2; Mel Holt, “Committee for Homosexual Law Reform in Hollywood Protest,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 11; Douglas Key, “L.A. Sweep,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 12; Douglas Key, letter to the editor, Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 12. [N]

 

16 January 1970: Gay Liberation Front rally at San Francisco Civic Center, demonstration at KGO-TV in San Francisco, and demonstration at ABC Building in New York City to protest the firing of gay journalist Leo Laurence (60-200 participants; 2 arrests). Primary sources: “KGO Blows Fuse,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 24; “KGO Can’t Dig It,” Berkeley Tribe, 24 Oct. 1969, 13; Phineas Israeli, “The Gay Blues,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Instead of Turkey, Tender Loins,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 9; Leo E. Laurence, “Roland Raps, Leo Listen,” Berkeley Tribe, 26 Dec. 1969, 8; “ABC’s of Love,” Berkeley Tribe, 9 Jan. 1970, 8; “Gays to Hit ABC,” Berkeley Barb, 9 Jan. 1970, 7, 14; “Gay Protest Planned on ABC Firing,” San Francisco Chronicle, 9 Jan. 1970, 7; Don Jackson, “Homosexual Gov’t Planned,” Los Angeles Free Press, 9 Jan. 1970, 1, 6, 7; “Peaceful Demonstration at K.G.O. This Friday,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 1; “Gay Women’s Liberation to Support Demonstration at K.G.O. This Friday,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 4; “Fact Sheet: Gay Liberation Front vs. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 5; GLF News, 13 Jan. 1970, 1; “ABC Freak Out: Fun and Come,” Berkeley Tribe, 16 Jan. 1970, 2; “Big Battle Looms,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Jan. 1970, 7; “A Parade of Gay Pickets,” San Francisco Chronicle, 17 Jan. 1970, 3; “Demonstration at K.G.O. Gets Widespread Support by Media,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 18 Jan. 1970, 1; John James, “Gays Blow Minds,” San Francisco Good Times, 22 Jan. 1970, 6; Don Burton, “Inside ABC: Lover Tells All,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1970, 7; “Outside Support Actions,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1970, 7; Leo Laurence, “KGO Blows,” Berkeley Tribe, 24 Jan. 1970, 11; Gale Whittington, “Union Backs Gay Lib,” Berkeley Barb, 30 Jan. 1970, 5; Gale Whittington, “Gay Labor Pain,” Berkeley Tribe, 30 Jan. 1970, 11; “GLF Marches on ‘Love’ Station,” Rat, 9 Feb. 1970, 10; Leo E. Laurence, “Leo Wins!!” Berkeley Tribe, 13 Feb. 1970, 14; “Radicals to Picket ABC,” GAY, 16 Feb. 1970, 20; “Gay Fronters’ Obscenity Case Dismissed,” San Francisco Chronicle, 19 Feb. 1970, 18; Don Jackson, “West Coast Report,” Gay Power (1.10), c. Feb. 1970, 7; “Firemen,” San Francisco Free Press, Feb. 1970, 2; Jerry Johnson, “Onto the Street,” San Francisco Free Press, Mar. 1970, 7; “KGO Gooses Gay,” Berkeley Barb, 20 Mar. 1970, 2; “Leo Re-Fired,” Berkeley Tribe, 20 Mar. 1970, 12; “Gays Picket ABC Station,” Los Angeles Advocate, Mar. 1970, 9; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.12), c. Mar. 1970, 17, 21; Leo E. Laurence, “Firing Line,” Berkeley Tribe, 3 Apr. 1970, 10; Leo E. Laurence, “‘Don’t Hide It,’” Berkeley Barb, 3 Apr. 1970, 9; “Judge Rules Gay Slogans Disturbed Peace,” San Francisco Chronicle, 23 Apr. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “‘Suck Cock, Beat Draft,” Berkeley Barb, 1 May 1970, 10; Don Jackson, “Suck Cock to Beat the Draft,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 15; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.18), c. May 1970, 6; Don Jackson, “Indecent…Profane…Vulgar,” San Francisco Free Press, May 1970, 2; Paul Cantor, “K-K-KGO Must Go!!!” Berkeley Barb, 12 June 1970, 4, 6; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 4; “Gays Versus KKKGO,” Berkeley Barb, 30 July 1971, 9. [M] [M]

 

16 January 1970: Women’s Liberation and Students for Gay Power rally at the University of California, Berkeley’s Sproul Steps to protest exclusion of women from karate course. Primary sources: “U.C. Berkeley Students for Gay Power Blow Some Minds,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 18 Jan. 1970, 2. [U]

 

22-23 January 1970: Women’s Liberation and Students for Gay Power demonstrations at the University of California, Berkeley’s Harmon Gym to protest exclusion of women from karate course and police entrapment in men’s rooms (70 participants). Primary sources: “Students for Gay Power March on Harmon,” The Daily Californian, 23 Jan. 1970, 3; “Gays Picket Rap Trappers,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1969, 7; “Gay Women’s Liberation to Support Demonstration at K.G.O. This Friday,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 4; Bippi, “Fan Fires,” Berkeley Barb, 13 Feb. 1970, 5; Don Jackson, “West Coast Report,” Gay Power (1.10), c. Feb. 1970, 7. [O] [O] [U] [U]

 

26 January 1970: Gay Activists Alliance New York protest at gubernatorial candidates’ forum at Village Independent Democrats (12 participants). Primary sources: Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.10), c. Feb. 1970, 22; Kay Tobin, “Gay Activists Confront Politicos,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1970, 1; Ron Hollander, “Gays Picket City Hall,” New York Post, 5 Mar. 1970, 26; Leo Louis Martello, “New York GAA Faces Candidates for Governor,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 6; Leo Louis Martello, “New York GAA Faces Candidates for Governor,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 6. [E]

 

26 January 1970: Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Gay Liberation Front demonstration against police abuse and violence at San Francisco Police Commission meeting (20 participants). Primary sources: Gale Whittington, “Queer Killers,” Berkeley Tribe, 30 Jan. 1970, 7, 19. [O]

 

7 February-20 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles, Committee for Homosexual Law Reform, Committee for Homosexual Freedom, and Homosexual Information Center demonstrations (on 7 February, 14 March, 20 March, and other dates) to protest “Fagots Stay Out” sign at Barney’s Beanery (60-150 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Lib Front Meets; Plans to Picket Barney’s Beanery,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Feb. 1970, 17; Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Feb. 1970, 3, 12; Don Jackson, “Gays Blast Barney,” Berkeley Barb, 13 Feb. 1970, 11; Don Jackson, “Gay Bar Politics,” Berkeley Barb, 20 Feb. 1970, 9; Don Jackson, “Barneys Turns Gay,” Gay Power (1.11), c. Feb. 1970, 10, 21, 22; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “South Calif,” San Francisco Free Press, Mar. 1970, 3; Douglas Key, “Gay Spirit Inspires Catholic Rage,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 16, 19; Douglas Key, “Gays Plan Marches, Leather Sunday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Mar. 1970, 3, 15; Douglas Key, “Decor Improves at Barney’s,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Mar. 1970, 5; “LA Gays Boycott Barney’s Beanery,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 1; “Gays Picket Barney’s,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 1, 2; Don Jackson, “Barney’s Sign Sold; Be Coming Gay,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 12; “Gay Groups Win: Signs Come Down at Barney’s Beanery,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 3, 7; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.14), c. Apr. 1970, 10; “‘Fagots’ Stay Out? Ho, Hum,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 7. [B] [B] [B] [B]

 

16 February 1970: Gay Liberation Front New York participation in demonstrations against political trials of leftist activists in Chicago and New York at City Hall Park and Foley Square. Primary sources: GLF News, 10 Feb. 1970, 1. [N]

 

23 February 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles and Pope Morris I (Morris Kight) nailed a statement demanding 90 billion reparations from Christian churches at the First Congregational Church. Primary sources: Leo E. Laurence, “Hard On! Gay Lib,” Berkeley Tribe, 20 Feb. 1970, 13, 19; “Gay Minority Militancy on the Rise,” Berkeley Barb, 20 Feb. 1970, 11; Don Jackson, “Gays Demand Ninety Billion,” Los Angeles Free Press, 20 Feb. 1970, 18; 2; Douglas Key, “More on Gay Conference,” Los Angeles Free Press, 20 Feb. 1970, 18; Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Feb. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “Pope Delivers Bill,” Gay Power (1.11), c. Feb. 1970, 3; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.12), c. Mar. 1970, 17; Don Jackson, “$90,000,000,000 Demand,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 3, 15. [R]

 

25 February 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation demonstration against police harassment at Illinois Women’s Bar Association Continuing Education Committee at Chicago Bar Association building (40 participants). Primary sources: David Stienecker, “WBA Demonstration,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Apr. 1970, 3. [O]

 

1 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles protests at St. Basil Catholic Church, Christ Unity, and St. James Episcopal Church (35 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Feb. 1970, 22; Douglas Key, “Gay Spirit Inspires Catholic Rage,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 16, 19; Douglas Key, “Gays Plan Marches, Leather Sunday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Mar. 1970, 3. [R]

 

1 March 1970: Gay Activists Alliance New York and Daughters of Bilitis New York demonstration at Household Finance Co. to protest loan denials, employment discrimination, and investigatory practices (70 participants). Primary sources: “Household Finance Invaded by Angry Activists,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 1, 10. [B]

 

5 March 1970: Gay Activists Alliance New York demonstration against employment discrimination and police harassment at City Hall (15-30 participants). Primary sources: Ron Hollander, “Gays Picket City Hall,” New York Post, 5 Mar. 1970, 26; “Will Mayor Lindsay Listen?” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 2; “Gay Activists Confront City Hall,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 1; “Onward to City Hall,” Gay Power (1.12), c. Mar. 1970, 5, 22; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 4. [N] [O]

 

8 March 1970: Gay Activists Alliance New York and Gay Liberation Front New York demonstration and march against police harassment and violence (200-700 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Hold Protest in ‘Village’ after Raid Nets 176,” New York Times, 9 Mar. 1970, 29; Philip McCarthy, “Impaled, Saved by Fire ‘Docs,’” New York Daily News, 9 Mar. 1970, 1, 4, 40-41; “Jumper’s Condition Still Grave,” New York Post, 10 Mar.  1970, 6; Jonathan Black, “The Boys in the Snake Pit: Games ‘Straights’ Play,” Village Voice, 19 Mar. 1970, 1, 61-64; “Out of the Closets, Into the Streets!” Rat, 20 Mar. 1970, 10; Charles Grutzner, “Slain Man’s Letters Give Impetus to Local and Federal Investigations of After-Hours Clubs Here,” New York Times, 23 Mar. 1970, 33; “Koch Accuses Police Here of Harassing Homosexuals,” New York Times, 26 Mar. 1970, 30; Editorial, Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 3; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 4; “The Morning of the Snake Pit,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 5; Jerry Hoose, “Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 17, 20; Dick Leitsch, “The Snake Pit Raid: Some Afterthoughts,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 13; “Patrons Tell of Raid from Inside,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 3; “Responsible Cop Cops Out,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 10; “The Snake Pit Raid,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 2; “Political Club Acts to Halt Raids,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 10; “500 Angry Homosexuals Protest Raid,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 3, 10; Leo Martello, “Raid Victim Impaled on Fence,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 6; “Gays Protest Police Raid on Bar after Young Man Is Impaled on Fence,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 4; Allen Warshawsky, “‘Take Good Care of My Brother,’” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 4; “Three Gay Clubs Raided,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Apr. 1970, 2, 4; “Editorial,” Gay Power (1.14), c. Apr. 1970, 3; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 4; “New York Controversy Continues over Snake Pit Mass Arrest,” Los Angeles Advocate, 13 May 1970, 2; “G.A.A. Raids Police Headquarters,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 18, 21; John Francis Hunter, “New York Notes,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 11. [O]

 

8 March 1970: Committee for Homosexual Law Reform and Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles rally and march to commemorate police killing of Howard Effland (120-200 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Feb. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “Justice?” Berkeley Barb, 27 Feb. 1970, 14; Douglas Key, “Gay Spirit Inspires Catholic Rage,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 16, 19; “Gay Memorial Services Planned,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 21; Don Jackson, “Crash Glass House,” Berkeley Barb, 13 Mar. 1970, 9; Douglas Key, “Gays Plan Marches, Leather Sunday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Mar. 1970, 3, 15; Charles Baireuther, “Impersonator Death: Parents, Friends Do Not Accept Full Police Report,” Los Angeles Sentinel, 19 Mar. 1970, 20; “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 8, 18; “Laverne Family Seeks Inquest,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Apr. 1970, 2; Jim Kepner, “Gays Remember Dover Death with Rally, March,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 3; “Family Seeks Inquest in Man’s Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 2; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; “Memorial Services for Howard Effland, Victim of Savage L.A. ‘Pigs,’” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 2; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Riots Threatened,” Los Angeles Free Press, 15 May 1970, 16, 18; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Riots Predicted,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 15, 20; “KNBC Hit for Shelving Death Probe,” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 5; “Gavin Says KNBC Hasn’t Copped Out on Slaying Probe,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 10. [O]

 

8 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles demonstrations at Blessed Sacrament Church and First Baptist Church. Primary sources: “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 8, 18. [R]

 

20 and 24 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front kiss-ins at the University of California, Berkeley (2 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Lovers Now Personae Gratae on UC Campus,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Mar. 1970, 2l; Konstantin Berlandt, “Cheek to Cheek,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Mar. 1970, 10; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8, 20. [U] [U]

 

25 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles demonstration at Spanish consulate to protest Spain’s new antigay laws. Primary sources: “Picket Consulate,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 2; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8. [X]

 

27 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles demonstration at the premier of The Boys in the Band (35 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation Reports Growth, Plans to Picket Non-Drag Gay Bars,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Mar. 1970, 23; “‘Boys in Band’ Picketed,” San Francisco Chronicle, 28 Mar. 1970, 30; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8, 20; “Pickets Denounce ‘Boys in the Band,’” GAY, 20 Apr. 1970, 15. [M] [Q]

 

5 April 1970: GLF-LA “gay-in” at Griffith Park (1000-2000 participants, 1 arrest) and demonstration at Hollywood police station (200 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation Reports Growth, Plans to Picket Non-Drag Gay Bars,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Mar. 1970, 23; Douglas Key, “2,000 Homosexuals Hold Los Angeles Gay-In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Apr. 1970, 1, 4; Marcus Magnus Overseth, “Gay-In Shows the World,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Jay Laurence, “Gay-In Attracts Varied, Colorful, Happy Crowd,” Los Angeles Advocate, 13 May 1970, 1, 2; “Police Stupidity in L.A….”, Los Angeles Advocate, 13 May 1970, 22; Douglas Key, “Police Raid Gay-In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 June 1970, 8; “GLF of L.A. Sues Police,” Los Angeles Advocate, 7 Sept. 1970, 12. [G] [O] [N]

 

12 April 1970: GAA-NY zap of Mayor John Lindsay at Metropolitan Museum of Art. Primary sources: “GAA Confronts Lindsay at Museum,” GAY, 4 May 1970, 3. [E] [M]

 

15 April 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation and Mattachine Midwest participation in Income Tax Day antiwar march from Civic Center to Federal Building. Primary sources: William B. Kelley, “Gays Stage Loop Protest,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, May 1970, 1, 11. [I]

 

15 April 1970: GLF-NY participation and protest at antiwar march. Primary source: Bob Kohler, “Gay Liberation Front—New York,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 6; “Peter Pan’s Magic Garbage Can,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 7. [I]

 

16 April 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation and Mattachine Midwest participation in Gay Liberation Day and Student Mobilization Committee antiwar rally at Grant Park and march to Jury Court (250 participants). Primary sources: William B. Kelley, “Gays Stage Loop Protest,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, May 1970, 1, 11. [I] [N]

 

17 April 1970: GLF-Berkeley march to Aquatic Park to commemorate killing of Frank Bartley (18 participants). Primary sources: Aubrey Bailey, “Bartley Murder March,” Berkeley Barb, 10 Apr. 1970, 2; “Gay Memorial,” Berkeley Tribe, 17 Apr. 1970, 11; Rev. Jim Rankin, “In Memorium: Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 24 Apr. 1970, 19; Don Jackson, “Bartley Murder Protest,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; “Family to File Suit in Bartley Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 5; “We Remember Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Apr. 1971, 9. [O]

 

19 April 1970: Friends of Frank Bartley Committee march and rally in Provo Park (Berkeley) to commemorate killing of Frank Bartley. Primary sources: Aubrey Bailey, “Bartley Murder March,” Berkeley Barb, 10 Apr. 1970, 2; “Gay Memorial,” Berkeley Tribe, 17 Apr. 1970, 11; Rev. Jim Rankin, “In Memorium: Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 24 Apr. 1970, 19; Don Jackson, “Bartley Murder Protest,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; “Family to File Suit in Bartley Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 5; “We Remember Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Apr. 1971, 9. [O]

 

19 April 1970: GAA-NY zap of Mayor John Lindsay at WNEW-TV (41 participants). Primary sources: Sandra Vaughn, “Lindsay & Homosexuals: An Edited Encounter,” Village Voice, 23 Apr. 1970, 8; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 4; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 4; “GAA Confronts Lindsay at Channel 5,” GAY, 11 May 1970, 3. [E] [M]

 

22 April 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against military discrimination at Fort MacArthur in San Pedro (20 participants). Primary sources: Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29. [I]

 

24-25 April 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation demonstrations at Normandy’s. Primary sources: “The Bars, They Are A-Changin,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, 19 May 1970, 1, 2; Steve Robertson, “Dancing Comes to Normandy,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, June 1970, 6; Wayne Pierce, “Chicago Gay Lib Pickets Bar,” Gay Liberator, July 1970, 1, 2. [B] [B] [Q] [Q]

 

April 1970: Series of GLF-Chicago demonstrations at The Boys in the Band. Primary sources: Steve Robertson, “Gay Lib Continues to Grow,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, May 1970, 9. [M] [Q]

 

April 1970: Gay protest at Easter sunrise service on Mt. Davidson in San Francisco (2 participants). Primary sources: Don Burton, “Was Jesus Gay?” Berkeley Barb, 3 Apr. 1970, 7; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8. [R]

 

1 May 1970: Lavender Menace zap at the Second Congress to Unite Women in New York (40 participants). Primary sources: “Women’s Liberation Is A Lesbian Plot!,” Rat, 8 May 1970, 12; “Congress to Unite Women?” Rat, 8 May 1970, 12; “Lavender Menace Zaps Women’s Lib,” GAY, 25 May 1970, 17; B. B., “Congress to Unite Women,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1970, 5; Pat Maxwell, “Lavender Menaces Confront the Congress to Unite Women,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 8, 21; Arlene Kisner, “Women Coming Together with Women,” Come Out!, June 1970, 14; Judy Cartisano and Sandy, “Lavender Menace Does It: Two Views,” Come Out!, June 1970, 15; “The Lavender Menace: Gay Liberation Front Women and Radical Lesbians, Congress to Unite Women Resolutions, May 1970,” reprinted in Come Out!, June 1970, 14; “The Lavender Menace Strikes,” Come Out!, June 1970, 14; Karla Jay, “Here Comes the Lavendar [sic] Menace,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 55. [X]

 

2 May 1970: DOB-LA, GLF-LA, Committee for Homosexual Law Reform, Society of Anubis, and TAO demonstration against The Hayloft. Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29. [B] [Q]

 

7 May 1970: GLF-LA protest at California Federal Building psychology lecture (13 participants). Primary source: “Gays ‘Liberate’ Psychologists’ Homosexual Talk,” Los Angeles Advocate, 27 May 1970, 7, 17. [N] [S]

 

9 May 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against police harassment at Pershing Square. Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29. [O]

 

8-9 May 1970: GLF-NY participation in antiwar demonstration in Washington, D.C. (25-30 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Liberation Front-New York,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 17; “N.Y. Gays Join in Washington War Protest,” Los Angeles Advocate, 10 June 1970, 4. [I] [I]

 

10 May 1970: LGBT demonstration at Christ Church Cranbrook in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan (10 participants). Primary source: “Mothers Day 1970,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1974, 5. [R]

 

13 May 1970: GAA-NY zap of City Council member Carol Greitzer, for her failure to support proposed antidiscrimination legislation at Village Independent Democrats (35 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Activists Sponsor Petition,” GAY, 15 Feb. 1970, 3, 20; Arthur Irving, “Zapping with Carol: Hello Bella,” Gay Power (1.18), c. May 1970, 4; “Councilman Greitzer Yields to Gay Activists,” GAY, 1 June 1970, 3, 12; Ernest Peter Cohen, “475: A Gay Odyssey,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 3, 8, 10, 21, 22. [E]

 

14 May 1970: GLF-SF and Gay Women’s Liberation protest at American Psychiatric Association convention (20-35 participants). Primary sources: Stuart Auerbach, “Gays and Dolls Battle the Shrinks,” Washington Post, 15 May 1970, 1, 8; “Angry Women and Gay Men Attack Psychiatrists,” San Francisco Chronicle, 15 May 1970, 10; “Homosexuals Disrupt Psychiatrists’ Parley,” New York Times, 15 May 1970, 38; “Women Shout Down Gay Liberationists,” Boston Globe, 15 May 1970, 2; Gary Alinder, “Shrunken Shrinks,” Berkeley Tribe, 22 May 1970, 6-7; David Perlman, “The Psychiatrists & the Protesters,” San Francisco Chronicle, 24 May 1970, This World Section, 18; “Gays ‘Liberate’ Psychologists’ Homosexual Talk,” Los Angeles Advocate, 27 May 1970, 7, 17; Ada Bello, “A.P.A. Zap,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1970, 2-3; “A Much Needed Zap,” GAY, 1 June 1970, 2; “GLF and Women’s Lib Zap Shrinks,” GAY, 8 June 1970, 3, 12; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Shocking ‘Cure’ for Homosexuality,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, June 1970, 4; Gary Alinder, “Gay Liberation Meets the Shrinks,” Come Out!, June 1970, 23; “Socarides Warns of Homosexual Epidemic,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 3; Gary Alinder, “Off Dr. Bieber!!” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 61; “Start of Breakthrough?” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 3, 10; Rob Cole, “Militant Invasion Led to Statement,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 10. [S]

 

16 May 1970: GLF-LA demonstration at Frank Zappa concert at UCLA. Primary sources: Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.18), c. May 1970, 18. [M] [U]

 

16 May 1970: GLF-LA participation in People’s Armed Forces Day protest in Oceanside. Primary sources: Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.18), c. May 1970, 18. [I]

 

23 May 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against police harassment at Pershing Square. Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29; Jim Kepner, “Gays Liberate Police Stations,” Los Angeles Free Press, 22 May 1970, 15. [O]

 

28 May 1970: GLF-LA demonstration to protest antigay harassment and sex crime arrests at Los Angeles City College (12 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Police Raid Gay-In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 June 1970, 8; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “LACC Picketing Opens Lines of Communication,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 2; “Little Leniency in LACC Cases,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 2. [O] [U]

 

30 May 1970: GLF-LA “Gay-In” at Griffith Park (500-1000 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29; Jim Kepner, “Gays Liberate Police Stations,” Los Angeles Free Press, 22 May 1970, 15; Douglas Key, “Police Raid Gay-In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 June 1970, 8; “Gay-In Brings ‘Em Out (Cops, Too),” Los Angeles Advocate, 24 June 1970, 3, 6; “GLF of L.A. Sues Police,” Los Angeles Advocate, 7 Sept. 1970, 12. [G]

 

31 May 1970: GLF-Seattle participation in Memorial Day Peace March. Primary sources: “Seattle GLF Forms, Marches,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 5. [I]

 

May 1970: GLF-LA participation in antiwar demonstration in Oceanside (17 participants). Primary sources: Jim Kepner, “Gays Liberate Police Stations,” Los Angeles Free Press, 22 May 1970, 15. [I]

 

May 1970: GLF-SF demonstrations at Honda dealership. Primary sources: “Cop Watch,” San Francisco Good Times, 29 May 1970, 7; “Mini-Bike Cops Praised,” San Francisco Chronicle, 10 June 1970, 47. [B]

 

5 June 1970: GAA-NY zap of New York gubernatorial candidate Arthur Goldberg at 85^th St. and Broadway (36 participants). Primary sources: Kay Tobin, “GAA Confronts Goldberg, Blumenthal,” GAY, 29 June 1970, 12. [E]

 

16 June 1970: GAA-NY zap of candidate forum at Greenwich Village Association. Primary sources: Kay Tobin, “GAA Tackles Five More Candidates,” GAY, 6 July 1970, 3, 12. [E]

 

21 June 1970: Gay-In in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco (7 arrests). Primary sources: “Gay Is Bad,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 1; “Break Out of the Closet,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 13; Phil Pukas, “Lonely Porkers Crash Gay-In,” Berkeley Barb, 3 July 1970, 1; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 4. [G]

 

23 June 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation protest at American Medical Association national convention (18 participants). Primary sources: Step May, “Offing the Shrinks,” Come Out!, Sept. 1970, 9. [S]

 

24 June 1970: GAA-NY demonstration and sit-in at Republican State Committee office (35 participants, 5 arrests). Primary sources: “5 Gay Activists Arrested in Sit-In,” GAY, 13 July 1970, 3, 12; “GOP Drops Case against Alliance,” The Advocate, 31 Mar. 1971, 3. [E]

 

27 June 1970: Rally and demonstration to commemorate the Stonewall Riots in Bughouse Square in Chicago (200 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, 18 June 1970, 2; William B. Kelley, “‘Gay Pride Week’ June 21-28,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, June 1970, 1; “Gay Power News: National,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; David Stienecker, “Several Hundred Gays March in Chicago Pride Celebration,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2; “Historic Day,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 18; Bob Stanley, “Chicago Celebrates Gay Pride Week,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 3; “Gay Liberation Front,” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 9; Bob Stanley, “Gay Pride Week, 1970: That Was The Week That Was,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, July 1970, 1; Rich Larsen, “Gay Pride Week Huge Success!” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Aug. 1970, 1-3; “Gay Pride Week USA,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1970, 1-2. [P]

 

27 June 1970: GLF march from Aquatic Park to Civic Center in San Francisco (20-30 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Is Bad,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 1; “Break Out of the Closet,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 13; “Let’s Do It,” Newsweek, 13 July 1970; “SF March, Gay-In Held,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2; “Gay Liberation Front,” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 9. [P]

 

28 June 1970: “Gay-In” at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco (200 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Is Bad,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 1; “Break Out of the Closet,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 13; “SF March, Gay-In Held,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2. [G] [P]

 

28 June 1970: Christopher Street Liberation Day march and “gay-in” in New York (2000-20,000 participants). Primary sources: “New Yorkers Plan Big Demonstration,” Los Angeles Advocate, 13 May 1970, 7; “Funds Needed for ‘Gay-In,’” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1970, 3; “Christopher Street Liberation Day Announced,” GAY, 8 June 1970, 3; Charles McHarry, “On the Town,” New York Daily News, 10 June 1970; “Scenes,” Village Voice, 11 June 1970; Robert Sylvester, “Dream Street,” New York Daily News, 12 June 1970, 60; “Liberation Day Set for Homosexuals,” Amsterdam News, 19 June 1970, 4; “N.Y. Gays Set Big Liberation Day March,” Los Angeles Advocate, 24 June 1970, 1; “Remember the Stonewall,” GAY, 29 June 1970, 2; Lige Clark and Jack Nichols, “Remember the Stonewall!” GAY, 29 June 1970, 5; John Francis Hunter, “The Rise of the New Conscience: Gay Pride on Parade,” GAY, 29 June 1970, 10-11; Lacey Fosburgh, “Thousands of Homosexuals Hold a Protest Rally in Central Park,” New York Times, 29 June 1970, 1, 20; “10,000 Gay Folk Stage a Parade,” New York Daily News, 29 June 1970; “Big Gay Parade in New York City,” San Francisco Chronicle, 29 June 1970, 1, 20; “Homosexuals March in N.Y.,” Washington Post, 29 June 1970, A20; “Christopher Street Liberation Day, 1970,” GLF News, June 1970, 1-2; Jonathan Black, “A Happy Birthday for Gay Liberation,” Village Voice, 2 July 1970, 1, 58; Jill Johnston, “Of This Pure But Irregular Passion,” Village Voice, 2 July 1970, 29-30, 38-39, 55; Les Matthews, “Gay Set Seeking Rights,” Amsterdam News, 4 July 1970, 43; Lacey Fosburgh, “The ‘Gay’ People Demand Their Rights,” New York Times, 5 July 1970, 12; Carlyle Schroer, letter to the editor, New York Daily News, 7 July 1970; “Charlie Cherokee Says,” Chicago Defender, 8 July 1970, 5; Anthony Hiss, “Parade,” New Yorker, 11 July 1970, 19-20; “Gay Pride,” TIME, 13 July 1970, 6; “Let’s Do It,” Newsweek, 13 July 1970; “Gay Liberation Front,” Philadelphia Free Press, 13 July 1970, 9; Nora Sayre, “New York’s Gay-In,” New Statesman, 17 July 1970, 53-54; “Love’s Coming of Age: June 28, 1970,” GAY, 20 July 1970, 2; Jason Gould, “Out of the Closets, Into the Streets,” GAY, 20 July 1970, 4-7; Kay Tobin [Lahusen], “Thousands Take Part in Gay Marches,” GAY, 20 July 1970, 12; Nancy Tucker, “New York Has Largest Turnout, Longest Gay March,” The Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 1, 5; “Historic Day,” The Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 18; John LeRoy, “Toward a New Morality: The Challenge of Gay Liberation,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 10; Steve Kuromiya, “Come Out, Come Out, Wherever You Are!” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 6; “Gay Liberation Front,” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 9; “Extra! Gays March!” Gay Scene, July 1970, 2; “Gay Liberation Day,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1970, 17; “Gay Power News: New York,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 3, 12; “‘We Did It,’” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 8-9, 15; Cary Yurman, “We Broke the World’s Kissing Record!” GAY, 3 Aug. 1970, 8; Jim Owles, letter to the editor, Amsterdam News, 1 Aug. 1970, 16; Foster Gunnison, Jr., letter to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 18; “Gay Pride Week USA,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1970, 1-2; “D.D.’s New York,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1970, 8; Robert Liechti, “Of the Day That Was and the Glory of It,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1970, 6-7; “After Gay Pride Day,” Mattachine Times, Aug. 1970, 10; “Joy in Mudville—Or Gay Marches On,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Aug. 1970, 1, 3; Drag Queens Demonstrate,” Drag (1.1), c. Aug. 1970, 5; letters to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sept. 1970, 18; Two Lesbians, “Christopher Street Liberation Day,” Come Out!, Sept. 1970, 19; Perry Brass, “We Did It!” Come Out!, Sept. 1970, 11; Jeremiah, “The March,” Come Out!, Sept. 1970, 11; “Gay Freedom 1970,” Queen’s Quarterly, Fall 1970, 8. [P]

 

28 June 1970: Christopher Street West Liberation Day parade in Los Angeles (1200-30,000 participants). Primary sources:  “Major L.A. Celebration Planned to Commemorate Christopher Street Riots,” Los Angeles Advocate, 10 June 1970, 3; Paul Houston, “Homosexuals Get ACLU Aid in Fight for Parade Permit,” Los Angeles Times, 13 June 1970, A1, back page; “L.A. to Celebrate Stonewall Anniversary,” GAY, 22 June 1970, 3; “Big L.A. Christopher St. W. Parade Planned,” Los Angeles Advocate, 24 June 1970, 1; “Homosexuals Stage Hollywood Parade,” Los Angeles Times, 29 June 1970, 3, 22; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Gay Power News: National,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Court Okays Christopher West Parade,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 1, 6; “Gay Pride,” TIME, 13 July 1970, 6; “Let’s Do It,” Newsweek, 13 July 1970; “Christopher West Pin Brings Lewdness Bust,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2; “Historic Day,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 18; “1200 Parade in Hollywood; Crowds Line Boulevard,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 1, 6; “Calls Hollywood Parade ‘Freak Show,’” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 18; Lyn Pedersen, “Christopher Street West,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 4-5; “Christopher Street West A Success—Troy Perry Arrested,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 3; “Gay Liberation Front,” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 9; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 4; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.21), c. July 1970, 3; letters to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, 5 Aug. 1970, 18; Morris Kight, Lee Heflin, and Geno Vezina “The Great Parade: Christopher Street West,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 51, 58, 59, 62; “Gay Pride Week USA,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1970, 1-2; “Around the World,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1970, 4; “Troy Perry Again Found Guilty in Retrial on Blocking Sidewalk,” The Advocate, 9 June 1971, 2. [P]

 

28 June-7 July 1970: Ten-day gay vigil and fast at Federal Building in Los Angeles (400-500 participants; 3 arrests). Primary sources: “Rev. Perry Sets Fast for Gay Rights on Hollywood Blvd,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 1-2; Angela Douglas, “Gays Federal Fast,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 July 1970, 5; “Perry Busted As He, 7 Others Start Fast,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2, 7; “Christopher Street West A Success—Troy Perry Arrested,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 3; “Perry Ends Rights Fast; Success Indicated,” Los Angeles Advocate, 5 Aug. 1970, 1, 5; “Troy Perry Again Found Guilty in Retrial on Blocking Sidewalk,” The Advocate, 9 June 1971, 2. [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P]

 

4 July 1970: LGBT antiwar march in Provincetown, MA (150 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Antiwar March,” Los Angeles Times, 7 July 1970, 16; “Provincetown Council Denies Permit,” GAY, 13 July 1970, 3, 12; “Gay Groups March on Provincetown,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 3. [I]

 

18 July 1970: First in a series of GLF-LA demonstrations to protest non-cooperation with gay pride march and discrimination against women at the Sewers of Paris. Primary sources: Ralph S. Schaffer, “GLF Hits Exploitation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 54, 62; “L.A. Gay Lib Pickets Theatre, Bar, Charging Community Exploited,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 3; “Picketing Off at L.A. Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sept. 1970, 3; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 28 Sept. 1970, 8; “GLF Wins Touch Privileges at Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 5. [B] [Q]

 

19 July 1970: First in a series of GLF-LA demonstrations against antigay exploitation at the Park Theater. Primary sources: Ralph S. Schaffer, “GLF Hits Exploitation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 54, 62; “L.A. Gay Lib Pickets Theatre, Bar, Charging Community Exploited,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 3. [B] [M] [Q]

 

24-25 July 1970: GLF-Louisville demonstrations against antigay exploitation at Queen Bee (12-15 participants). Primary sources: “Louisville GLF Pickets Bar, Backs Suit,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 2; “Louisville Bar Picketing Ends,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sept. 1970, 9; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 28 Sept. 1970, 8. [B] [B] [Q] [Q]

 

25 July-15 August 1970: SIR, Tavern Guild, and GLF-SF daily demonstrations against bathroom arrests at Macy’s (15-50 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Warning,” Berkeley Barb, 3 July 1970, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Now at Macy’s—Tragicomic T-Room Crusade,” Berkeley Barb, 10 July 1970, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Macy’s Bitchy,” Berkeley Barb, 17 July 1970, 6; “S.F. Busts Fall; Macy’s Called Liar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 7; “Carrying the War to Macy’s,” Berkeley Barb, 31 July 1970, 4, 9; “Macy’s Arrests,” Daughters of Bilitis San Francisco Newsletter, 18 Aug. 1970, 3; “S.F. Gays Picket Macy’s over Busts,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 1; “Dept. Store Faggot,” Gay Sunshine, Aug. 1970, 3; Charles Lee, “Battle of the Busts in S.F.,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sept. 1970, 1, 6; “San Francisco Gays Picket Macy’s,” GAY, 21 Sept. 1970, 3; Charles Lee, “Macy’s Talks, But Not Much,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 8; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times¸ Oct. 1970, 6; “S.F. Groups Calling for Macy’s Boycott,” The Advocate, 20 Jan. 1971, 2; “S.F. Gays Launch Big Macy’s Boycott,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 8; “Macy’s Security Chief Indicted, Fired for Taping Employe Conversations,” The Advocate, 13 Feb. 1974, 21. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O]

 

31 July 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation and Chicago Gay Liberation Black Caucus demonstration against racism at the Normandy Bar. Primary sources: “Bull from the Bar,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 3; Bob Stanley, “Homophile Homephront,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 10. [B] [Q]

 

5 August 1970: GAA-NY demonstration (with support by DOB-NY) to support the “Rockefeller Five” and criticize Governor Nelson Rockefeller at the Criminal Court building and Foley Square Park (50 participants). Primary sources: Cary Yurman, “GAA Plans Rockefeller Rally,” GAY, 3 Aug. 1970, 3; Leo Louis Martello, “N.Y. Primary A Victory for Gays,” Los Angeles Advocate, 5 Aug. 1970, 2; Cary Yurman, “GAA Protests Rocky’s Silence,” GAY, 24 Aug. 1970, 3, 12; “Rockefeller 5 to Stand Trial,” GAY, 28 Sept. 1970, 12; “The Rockefeller Five and Gay Protest,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 3-4; “Rockefeller 5 Trial Postponed,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970, 3. [N] [E]

 

7-15 August 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation daily demonstrations against antigay discrimination at Astro Restaurant (35 participants). Primary sources: David Thierry, “Brother Puts Gay Lib Down,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 6; Robert Stanley, “Gays Picket Restaurant,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 9; “Gay Legal Action Taken Against Astro,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 1; Bob Stanley, “Homophile Homefront,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 10; Richard Chinn, “Brother Defends Gay Lib Tactics,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 11, 12. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B]

 

8 August 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation participation in Hiroshima Day march and rally (20 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Lib Joins in Hiroshima Day Parade,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 1-2. [I]

 

15 August 1970: Christopher Street West Committee protest against police entrapment practices in bathrooms at May Co. department store in Los Angeles. Primary sources: “Gays Picket L.A.’s May Co. over Arrests,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sept. 1970, 6; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times¸ Oct. 1970, 6. [O] [B]

 

16 August 1970: Folsom Street Age of Aquarius march in San Francisco (500 participants). Primary sources: “San Francisco to Celebrate Gay Pride,” GAY, 10 Aug. 1970, 3; “Dawning of the Age of Aquarius,” SIR Insider, 12 Aug. 1970, 10; Peter Stack, “‘Miracle Mile’ Revelry: Parading in a New Age,” San Francisco Chronicle, 17 Aug. 1970, 5; “Aquarian Birthday Girl,” Berkeley Barb, 21 Aug. 1970, 7; Lou Greene, “Around Town: Parades, Polk and a Pool,” Vector, Oct. 1970, 18. [P]

 

26-29 August 1970: Lesbian feminist and gay liberation protests at North American Conference of Homophile Organizations meeting in San Francisco. Primary sources: Rob Cole, “Old, New Ideas Tangle at NACHO Convention,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 1-2, 6-7, 12, 23; Jim Kepner, “Angles on the News,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 2; “W. Conf’nce Echoes NACHO,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 2; “Not Right On!” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 18; “NACHO Generates Controversy,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 1, 7; “To the Friends of ONE,” ONE Letter, Sept. 1970, 1-5; Rob Cole, “NACHO ‘Liberated’ On Final Day,” Los Angeles Advocate, 12 Oct. 1970, 8, 11; “Radicals Invade S.I.R. Center at National Gay Conference,” Vector, Oct. 1970, 14, 15, 40; D. L., “N.A.C.H.O. 70 - San Francisco: From N.Y. Mattachine Times,” Gay Sunshine, Oct. 1970, 18; Del Martin, “Columnist Resigns, Blasts Male Chauvinism,” Vector, Oct. 1970, 35-37, 53;  William B. Kelley, “Conflict May Improve NACHO,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 14. [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

 

27 August 1970: Gay Student Liberation demonstration to protest rejection of gay dance permit at New York University (300 participants). Primary sources: B. Ryan, “Gay Protests Keep N.Y.C. Police Busy,” Gay Scene, Sept. 1970, 3. [U]

 

29-30 August 1970: GAA-NY and GLF-NY demonstration and march from Times Square to the Women’s House of Detention to protest police harassment and violence (2000 participants). Primary sources: Frank Prial, “Protest March by Homosexuals Sparks Disturbance in ‘Village,’” New York Times, 30 Aug. 1970, 49; “‘Gay Ghettos’ Seen As Police Targets,” New York Times, 31 Aug. 1970, 28; “Gay Lib Parade A Riot in Village,” New York Daily News, 31 Aug. 1970, 34 or 36; Daniel O’Grady and Paul Meskil, “Cops Will Go 2 by 2 in Dark of Our Jungle,” New York Daily News, 31 Aug. 1970; “Gay Insurrection,” Philadelphia Free Press, 31 Aug. 1970, 13; Howard Blum, “Gays Take on the Cops: From Rage to Madness,” Village Voice, 3 Sept. 1970, 3, 42; A Radicalesbian, “We’re Not Angry, We’re Gay,” Rat, 11 Sept. 1970, 3; A Flaming Faggot, “We’re Not Gay, We’re Angry,” Rat, 11 Sept. 1970, 3, 27; “New Gay Riots Erupt in Greenwich Village,” GAY, 21 Sept. 1970, 1, 16; “1000 Gays Riot in New York,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 1, 10; B. Ryan, “Gay Protests Keep N.Y.C. Police Busy,” Gay Scene, Sept. 1970, 3; Martha Shelley, “Gays Riot Again!” Come Out!, Sept. 1970, 3. [J] [J] [O] [O]

 

29 August-10 September 1970: Gay Camp-In at Yokut Group Camp on the Kern River in California. Primary sources: “Gay Camp In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 24 Apr. 1970, 28; “Don Jackson, “Camp-In Progress Report,” Gay Power (1.16), c. April 1970, 8; “Gay Lib Camp-In,” Berkeley Barb, 5 June 1970, 7; “Come Out!” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 27; “Gay Lib ‘Camp-In’ Permit Is Revoked,” San Francisco Chronicle, 27 June 1970, 3; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Gays’ Camp Banned,” Berkeley Barb, 3 July 1970, 7; “Gays Comp On,” Berkeley Barb, 28 Aug. 1970, 9; “Sequoia National Forest,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1970, 3. [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G]

 

5 September 1970: GLF-LA Gay-In at Griffith Park (700 participants). Primary sources: “Bar Police Harassment of Gay-In, Court Asked,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 September 1970, 3; “GLF of L.A. Sues Police,” GAY, 7 Sept. 1970, 12; “Cops Fade Out at Gayest Gay-In,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 3; “4^th Gay-In in Park Set by GLF/LA,” The Advocate, 14 Apr. 1971, 5. [G]

 

7 September 1970: “Gay Is Love” march in Provincetown (150 participants). Primary sources: “‘Gay Is Love’ in Provincetown Parade,” GAY, 12 Oct. 1970, 1, 3; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times, Oct. 1970, 6. [P]

 

8, 12, 13, and 19 September 1970: GLF-LA demonstrations at the Farm to protest “no touching” and “no kissing” policy. Primary sources: “Los Angeles Bar Picketed by GLF,” Los Angeles Advocate, 14 Oct. 1970, 5; Mike Merry, “Farm Animals,” Gay Sunshine, Oct. 1970, 2-3. [B] [B] [B] [B] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

 

11, 12, 18, and 19 September 1970: GLF-Berkeley demonstrations at the White Horse Inn (50 participants, 2 arrests). Primary sources: “Unusual Services Cap Victory over Berkeley Gay Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 9; “Ruthie & Joe,” Gay Sunshine, Oct. 1970, 2-3; Konstantin, “White Horse Is A Dead Horse,” Gay Sunshine, Nov. 1970, 12. [B] [B] [B] [B] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

 

19 September 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation participation in Movement for a Democratic Military rally and festival in Foss Park (8 participants). Primary sources: “GLF Mans Booth at Navy Base,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 9, 11. [I]

 

20 September 1970: Beginning of weeklong Gay Student Liberation demonstrations and sit-ins to protest rejection of gay dance permit at New York University (100-400 participants). Primary sources: Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 14 Sept. 1970, 4; “100 in N.Y.U. Sit-In Charge Bias Against Homosexuals,” New York Times, 21 Sept. 1970, 26; “400 in ‘Gay’ Protest Dispersed by Police,” New York Times, 26 Sept. 1970, 22; Jay Levin, “Sad End for Dorm Gay Gala,” New York Post, 26 Sept. 1970, 13; “N.Y.U. Zaps Gays,” Mattachine Times, Sept. 1970, 1-2; B. Ryan, “Gay Protests Keep N.Y.C. Police Busy,” Gay Scene, Sept. 1970, 3; “Battles Go On,” Gay Flames, no. 4, c. Sept. 1970, 1, 2; “Out of the Closets and into the Subcellar,” Rat, 6 Oct. 1970, 25; Arthur Bell, “Sylvia Goes to College: ‘Gay Is Proud’ at NYU,” Village Voice, 15 Oct. 1970, 61; “NYU Sit-Ins Make Demands,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970; “Demonstrators Challenge New York University Policies,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 1; “NYU. Students Support Gay Sit-In 2 to 1,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 1; Ellen Broidy, “Gay Action N.Y.U,” Come Out!, Dec. 1970, 4; “Sexism in the Schools,” Gay Dealer, c. Dec. 1970, 4, 5. [U] [U] [U] [U] [U] [U] [U]

 

22 September 1970: GLF-Louisville demonstration at speech by Vice President Spiro Agnew (9 participants). Primary sources: “GLF Helps Protest Spiro,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 2. [E]

 

5 October 1970: Gay Student Liberation demonstrations at New York University and Bellevue Hospital (60 participants). Primary sources: “Out of the Closets and into the Subcellar,” Rat, 6 Oct. 1970, 25; Arthur Bell, “Sylvia Goes to College: ‘Gay Is Proud’ at NYU,” Village Voice, 15 Oct. 1970, 61; “NYU Sit-Ins Make Demands,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970; “Demonstrators Challenge New York University Policies,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 1; “NYU. Students Support Gay Sit-In 2 to 1,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 1; Ellen Broidy, “Gay Action N.Y.U,” Come Out!, Dec. 1970, 4; “Sexism in the Schools,” Gay Dealer, c. Dec. 1970, 4, 5; “T.V. Guide,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 6. [U] [S]

 

15 October 1970: GLF-Cornell demonstration against antigay policies at Morrie’s bar (300 participants). Primary sources: “Cornell GLF Forces Ithaca Bar to Serve Gays,” Los Angeles Advocate, 25 Nov. 1970, 5; “Cornell U. GLF Holds Sit-In,” GAY, 21 Dec. 1970, 1, 12; Patrick Doyle, “Ithaca Gays: Unbloodied, Unbowed,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 20. [B]

 

16 October 1970: GLF-NY, GAA-NY, and Gay People at Columbia kiss-in at Gold Rail Bar (25 participants). Primary sources: “Bar in N.Y. ‘Liberated’ by Gay Kiss-In,” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 3; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 6. [B]

 

17 October 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against aversion therapy at Behavioral Modification Conference (40-50 participants). Primary sources: “Psychologists Get Gay Lib ‘Therapy,’” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 1, 8; Ron Moskowitz, “Advice for Teachers: The Homosexual Pupil,” San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Nov. 1970, 6; Don Jackson, “Dachau in America,” Gay Sunshine, Nov. 1970, 20; Tony DeRosa, “Los Angeles Gays Invade Psychologists Conference: ‘Guinea Pigs’ Rise Up in Protest,” GAY, 7 Dec. 1970, 1, 12, 16; “Koncentration Kamp for Gays,” Gay Flames, 14 Dec. 1970, 3; “Mental Health Group Mans the Barricades,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 3. [S]

 

23 October 1970: GLF-NY, GAA-NY, RL-NY, STAR, HAL, Gay Youth, MSNY, and Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee participation in protest at court date for DOB-NY leader Ruth Simpson. Primary sources: “Policemen at D.O.B.,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Nov. 1970, 1; “Back to the Closet?,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Nov. 1970, 2; “Police Raid DOB, Arrest Two,” Gay – Women’s Liberation Front Newsletter c. Nov. 1970, 1. [N] [O]

 

23 October 1970: GLF-NY demonstration to protest anti-lesbian harassment at the Finale Restaurant (40-70 participants). Primary sources: “Curtain’s Up on Finale’s Closet,” Gay Flames, 14 Nov. 1970, 3. [B]

 

27 October 1970: GAA-NY demonstration and sit-in to protest antigay essay published by Harper’s (50-100 participants). Primary sources: Joseph Epstein, “Homo/Hetero: The Struggle for Sexual Identity,” Harper’s, Sept. 1970, 37-51; “Gay Alliance Takes over Harper’s Offices,” Los Angeles Times, 28 Oct. 1970, 10; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times¸ Oct. 1970, 6; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 9 Nov. 1970, 10; “Happy Homos Hit Harpers,” Gay Flames, 14 Nov. 1970, 7; “Harper’s ‘Offending’ Author Speaks to Gay,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 3; Leo Skir, “Breakfast at Harper’s: An Inside View of a Sit-In,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 2, 10; “GAA Zaps Harper’s Magazine,” Los Angeles Advocate, 25 Nov. 1970, 1, 8; “Zapping Harper’s Magazine,” Publishers’ Weekly, 30 Nov. 1970, 14; “Gay News & Reviews,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, 26 Dec. 1970, 1. [M]

 

28 October 1970: GAA-NY zap of Mayor Lindsay at Imperial Theatre. Primary sources: “G.A.A. Zaps Lindsay,” GAY, 12 Oct. 1970, 1, 3; “Mayor Lindsay at the Opera,” Los Angeles Advocate, 12 Oct. 1970, 3. [E] [M]

 

31 October 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against anti-touching rules at several bars, including New Generation, Stampede, and Hub (100 participants). Primary sources: “GLF Wins Touch Privileges at Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 5. [B] [Q]

 

31 October 1970: GLF participation in San Francisco antiwar demonstration. Primary sources: “Small Anti-war March Held,” The Daily Californian, 2 Nov. 1970, 1. [I]

 

October 1970: GAA-NY zaps of Mayor Lindsay at New York University antiwar rally and New York City Cultural Council benefit. Primary sources: Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970, 8; Charlotte Curtis, “Cultural Gala: Diamonds and Pickets,” New York Times, 30 Oct. 1970, 25; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times¸ Oct. 1970, 6; “Lindsay and Wife Zapped by Gay Activists,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 1; “John Lindsay: Our Friend?” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 2. [E] [E] [I] [M] [U]

 

7 November 1970: GLF-Detroit demonstration at Michigan Episcopal Diocese convention and Episcopal Church service (15-20 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Front Halts Church Meeting,” Washington Post, 9 Nov. 1970, C7; Jim Toy, “Make No Peace with Oppression,” Gay Liberator, Nov. 1970, 1, 14; John Kavanaugh, “Episcopal Church Hard to Swallow,” Gay Liberator, Dec. 1970, 3, 10. [R]

 

11 November 1970: GLF-DC demonstration at Catholic University conference (35 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Front Halts Church Meeting,” Washington Post, 9 Nov. 1970, C7; Ivan G. Goldman, “Gay Front Invades CU Conference,” Washington Post, 12 Nov. 1970, B5; Jim Toy, “Make No Peace with Oppression,” Gay Liberator, Nov. 1970, 1, 14; “Gays Tell It Like It Is at Catholic Seminar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 9 Dec. 1970, 7; Randolfe Wicker, “Demonstrators Claim: ‘God Is Gay,’” GAY, 21 Dec. 1970, 1, 3. [R] [U]

 

20 November 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against aversion therapy at National Association for Mental Health convention (30-70 participants). Primary sources: “Psychologists Get Gay Lib ‘Therapy,’” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 1, 8; Ron Moskowitz, “Advice for Teachers: The Homosexual Pupil,” San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Nov. 1970, 6; Don Jackson, “Dachau in America,” Gay Sunshine, Nov. 1970, 20; Tony DeRosa, “Los Angeles Gays Invade Psychologists Conference: ‘Guinea Pigs’ Rise Up in Protest,” GAY, 7 Dec. 1970, 1, 12, 16; “Koncentration Kamp for Gays,” Gay Flames, 14 Dec. 1970, 3; “Mental Health Group Mans the Barricades,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 3. [S]

 

20 November 1970: Gay GHOSTS (Gay Hospital Orderlies to Stop Torture) demonstration at St. Patrick’s Cathedral against electroshock therapy at Bellevue Hospital (10 participants). Primary sources: Randolfe Wicker, “Demonstrations Claim: ‘God Is Gay,’” GAY, 21 Dec. 1970, 1, 3. [R] [S]

 

28 November 1970: GLF protest at Zephyr Restaurant during Black Panthers Revolutionary People’s Constitutional Convention in DC (30-50 participants; 12 arrests). Primary sources: “Chaos Marks Panther Meet,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 8; “Zapping the Zephyr,” Gay Dealer, c. Dec. 1970, 20; Nick Benton, “Bar Fight Erupts on Weekend,” GAY, 18 Jan. 1971, 3, 12; “All the News That Fits Our Print,” Mattachine Times, Jan. 1971, 13; “D.C. Twelve,” Gay Sunshine, Jan. 1971, 13; “D.C. 12,” Gay Flames, 12 Feb. 1971, 2; Nancy Tucker, “Plus One Gets Zapped,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 9; “Trial of ‘D.C. 12’—Its Importance to Gays,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Feb. 1971, 7, 9, 11; “Plus One Picket,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 10; Tom Brougham, “DC 12 Charges Dropped,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 11; Tony Jackubosky, “Gay Bar Charged with Black/Female Bias,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1971, 12; “Progress Noted in D.C. Bar Talks,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 5; “DC 12 Charges Dropped,” Gay Sunshine, c. Mar. 1971, 11; “The D.C. 12 Trial—And A Personal Statement,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Mar. 1971, 5-6; “DC-12,” Brother, Apr. 1971, 2, 11; “D.C. Health Club under Attack,” GAY, 25 Oct. 1971, 1, 16; Perrin Shaffer and Randy Dowling, “Gay Racial Controversy Rages in Nation’s Capitol,” GAY, 22 Nov. 1971, 6; “Washington Pickets Says Bar Bans Blacks,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 6; Cliff Witt, letter to the editor, GAY, 20 Dec. 1971, 16; “Picketed Washington Bar Opens Negotiations,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 9; “Compromise Settles D.C. Bar Bias Dispute,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 19; Perrin Shaffer, “D.C. Bar Settles Dispute,” GAY, 1 May 1972, 3. [B]

 

18 December 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against Air Force rejection of discharge for gay man at Edwards Air Force Base. Primary sources: “Demonstrations Seek Airman Discharge,” The Advocate, 6 Jan. 1971, 7; “Gay Airman Aided by GLF May Get Quick Discharge,” The Advocate, 20 Jan. 1971, 3. [I]

 

December 1970: Cockettes protest at Grace Cathedral in San Francisco. Primary sources: Sister Cocaine, “Vatican Rags at Grace Cathedral,” Gay Sunshine, Jan. 1971, 14. [R]

 

1971

 

14-15 January 1971: Chicago Gay Liberation, Chicago Gay Alliance, and University of Chicago Gay Liberation zap of David Reuben to protest antigay content in Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex at WLS-TV (3 participants). Primary sources: “Reuben TV Appearance Turns into ‘Gay-for-all,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 5; “The Changing View of Homosexuality,” New York Times, 28 Feb. 1971, 47; William B. Kelley, “Gays Protest Reuben ‘Book,’” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Feb. 1971, 1, 18; “Gays Protest Reuben Book on Miller TV Show,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Feb. 1971, 11-12; William B. Kelly, “‘Dr.’ Reuben Zapped on Chicago TV,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1971, 3, 12; “Reuben, Reuben…” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 1. [M] [M] [S] [S]

 

15, 16, and 23 January 1971: GLF-DC demonstrations against anti-black, anti-trans, and anti-woman discrimination at Plus One (24 participants). Primary sources: Nancy Tucker, “Plus One Gets Zapped,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 9; “Plus One Picket,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 10; Tony Jackubosky, “Gay Bar Charged with Black/Female Bias,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1971, 12; “Progress Noted in D.C. Bar Talks,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 5. [B] [B] [B] [Q] [Q] [Q]

 

18 January 1971: GAA-NY demonstration against antigay discrimination at Fidelifacts (65 participants). Primary sources: “Sex Snooping Brings Protest,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2; “Gay Power News: New York,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 3, 12; Peter Fisher, “Fidelifacts: Sex-Snooping Agency Draws Gay Fire,” GAY, 15 Feb. 1971, 1, 3; “Snooper’s Office Invaded: Quack, Who’s a Duck?” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 1, 2; “Fidelifacts Pres. Charged with Bribes,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1971, 12; Ernest Peter Cohen, “475: A Gay Odyssey,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 3, 8, 10, 21, 22. [B]

 

23 January 1971: GLF-LA demonstration against police harassment and violence at Hollywood police station (175-275 participants). Primary sources: “GLF Rally, March Jan. 23,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 1; “Police Probe Hassle at Tradesman,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 1, 11; ‘“I Couldn’t Believe What I Was Seeing,’” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 1, 10; Hollywood Police Station Target of L.A. March,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 1, 3; “L.A. Picket,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 11; Jay Laurence, “Bush Queens Are A Peculiar Lot,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 8; “GLF Gives LAPD A Lift,” The Advocate, 31 Mar. 1971, 4. [O]

 

23 January 1971: First in a series of GLF-New Orleans demonstrations at City Hall (75 participants). Primary sources: “New Orleans Mayor Sees Irate Gays,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 1, 12; “New Orleans Chief Denies Entrapment,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 2. [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N]

 

25 January 1971: GAA-NY demonstration against employment discrimination by New York City Board of Education at New York County Lawyers’ Association building and Board of Education building (40 participants). Primary sources: Pete Fisher, “‘Gay School Teachers Are Not Child Molesters!” GAY, 1 Mar. 1971, 1, 3. [U] [N]

 

6 February 1971: GLF-New Orleans held gay-in at City Park (100 participants). Primary sources: “New Orleans Chief Denies Entrapment,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 2. [G]

 

14 February 1971: MCC and Kameny for Congress demonstration at St. Stephen’s Episcopal Church in DC (50 participants). Primary sources: “Service Held on Church Steps,” The Advocate, 17 Mar. 1971, 5. [R] [E]

 

28 February 1971: GLF-Berkeley and GLF-SF demonstration at the Stud in San Francisco (30 participants). Primary sources: “GLF Action at the Stud,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 2. [B] [Q]

 

28 February 1971: STAR, GLF-NY, Jewish Gay Liberation, and Gay Community Prisoner Defense Committee demonstration at Men’s House of Detention and Women’s House of Detention (50 participants). Primary sources: “Support Lesbian, Transvestite, and Gay Inmates,” Gay Flames, 12 Feb. 1971, 1, 6; “FBI to Probe Death of Gay in N.Y. City Jail,” The Advocate, 17 Mar. 1971, 2; “Dead Prisoner’s Case Still Brewing,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1971, 12; “Gays Protest Brutality in N.Y.C. Prisons,” The Advocate, 14 Apr. 1971, 20. [J]

 

February 1971: Gay Switchboard and Gay Seminarians zap at Earl Lectures and Pastoral Conference in Berkeley (3 participants): Primary sources: Nick Benton, “Gay Lib Seminar for the God Frauds,” Berkeley Barb, 19 Feb. 1971, 13. [R]

 

3 March 1971: Rally for dismissed gay professor at California State University, Hayward (150 participants). Primary sources: Winston Leyland, “Gay Defense Rally at Hayward State,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 3; Michael Silverstein, “Hayward State Rally Speech,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 3. [U]

 

7 March 1971: GLF-LA demonstration and march against police harassment and violence at Ramparts Division station (45 participants). Primary sources: “Watch Out LAPD, GLF Is Going to ‘Magick’ You,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 6; “GLF Gives LAPD A Lift,” The Advocate, 31 Mar. 1971, 4. [O]

 

14 March 1971: Tri-Cities GLF and other LGBT groups march on New York State Capitol in Albany (1000-3000 participants). Primary sources: N.Y. Leaders Testify at Assembly Hearings on Gays’ Problems,” Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 4; “Gay Rights March Planned on New York State Capitol,” The Advocate, 17 Mar. 1971, 2; “Marching on Albany,” Mattachine Times, Mar. 1971, 3-4, 7, 14; Peter Fisher, “3,000 March on N.Y. State Capitol,” GAY, 12 Apr. 1971, 1, 3, 8;  Breck Ardery, John Francis Hunter, and Joe Murray, “At Least 2500 March on N.Y. State Capitol,” The Advocate, 14 Apr. 1971, 1, 3; “Gays March on Albany,” Gay Activist, Apr. 1971, 1, 8; “TV’s and Queens March on Albany: Seek Statute to Legalize Crossdressing!” Drag (1.3), c. Apr. 1971, 30; “Car Hits Albany Leader in Landlord Picketing,” The Advocate, 12 May 1971, 9; Ernest Peter Cohen, “475: A Gay Odyssey,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 3, 8, 10, 21, 22. [N]

 

15 March 1971: Gay Liberation Fellows demonstration at WIBG in Philadelphia. Primary sources: “Philly Disk Jockey Zapped When Remarks Rile Gays,” The Advocate, 28 Apr. 1971, 4; “Zap!” People’s Gay Sunshine, c. 1971, 8, 18. [M]

 

19 March 1971: Gay participation in antiwar rally in Chicago. Primary sources: “Gay Contingent for Washington Anti-War March,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Mar. 1971, 7. [I]

 

22 March 1971: DOB-NY demonstration at St. Patrick’s Cathedral (22 participants). Primary sources: “DOB Pickets St. Patrick’s,” The Advocate, 28 Apr. 1971, 9. [R]

 

28 March 1971: Homophile Action League and Philadelphia Christian Homophile Church demonstration at Bible Presbyterian Church in Collingswood, NJ (18 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexual Group Pickets Dr. McIntire at Church,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 29 Mar. 1971; “Philadelphia Pickets Confont Rev. McIntire,” The Advocate, 28 Apr. 1971, 3. [R]

 

March 1971: STAR demonstration against anti-trans employment discrimination at New York University. Primary sources: “T.V. Guide,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 6. [U]

 

7 April 1971: GLF-LA and Gay Revanchists demonstration at Los Angeles Times and Century City Medical Plaza (15 participants). Primary sources: “Report on Study Triggers Demonstrations in L.A.,” The Advocate, 28 Apr. 1971, 2. [M] [S]

 

10 April 1971: DOB-NY zap of The Bandy Show (10 participants). Primary sources: Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 24 May 1971, 4; “DOB Zaps Bandy Show and Gets Zapped by N.Y. Post,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, May 1971, 6-8. [M]

 

10 April 1971: GLF-LA Gay-In at Griffith Park. Primary sources: “4^th Gay-In in Park Set by GLF/LA,” The Advocate, 14 Apr. 1971, 5. [G]

 

13 April 1971: GAA-NY demonstration and sit-in to protest employment discrimination at New York City Board of Education (50-60 participants, 5 arrests). Primary sources: Arthur Bell, “The ‘Bedroom Busybodies’ Meet Alias Richie X,” Village Voice, 22 Apr. 1971, 36, 38; John Francis Hunter, “Gays Busted at N.Y. School Board Sit-In,” The Advocate, 12 May 1971, 3, 14; Richard C. Wandel, “5 Arrested in Gay Teacher Dispute,” GAY, 24 May 1971, 1; “Five Arrested in GAA Zap,” Gay Activist, May 1971, 1, 14; “Charges Dropped Against Board of Ed. Sit-Ins,” GAY, 21 June 1971, 13; “N.Y. GAA Wins in Court,” The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 13; “Legal Collective,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, June 1971. [N] [U]

 

24 April 1971: LGBT participation in antiwar march in San Francisco (3000 participants). Primary sources: Doug Beardslee and Jim Kepner, “Thousands Protest War: Gay Lib Marches in S.F.,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 1, 6; William Dale Jennings, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 23; Mark Turner and Al Crofts, “Gays Against War,” Gay Sunshine, June 1971, 5; Winston Leyland, “In the Evening,” Gay Sunshine, June 1971, 5. [I]

 

24 April – 4 May 1971: LGBT participation in antiwar demonstrations in DC (500 participants). Primary sources: Gay May Day Tribe,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 Mar. 1971, 11; “Gay Contingent for Washington Anti-War March,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Mar. 1971, 7; Martha Shelley, “Washington April 24,” Come Out!, Spring 1971, 18; “Gays for Peace,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Apr. 1971, 4; “Gay Group,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Apr. 1971, 2, 13; Martin Arnold, “War Goes March in the Rain Here,” New York Times, 23 Apr. 1972, 1, 54; Martha Shelley, “Washington: April 24,” Rat, 3 May 1971, 21; Pete Fisher, “500 Homosexuals March for Peace,” GAY, 24 May 1971, 1, 3, 8; Dave L. Aiken, “Thousands Protest War: Activists Turn Out in D.C.,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 1, 7; Doug Beardslee and Jim Kepner, “Thousands Protest War: Gay Lib Marches in S.F.,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 1, 6; “Peace & Goodwill?” Gay Activist, May 1971, 5; “Gay May Day,” Fag Rag, June 1971, 9; William Dale Jennings, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 23. [I] [I] [I] [I] [I] [I] [I] [I] [I] [I] [I]

 

1 May 1971: GLF-LA “Scream In” at Primal Institute (40 participants). Primary sources: “Gays vs. Shrinks,” Los Angeles Free Press, 30 Apr. 1971, 6; “40 Stage ‘Scream-In’ at Primal Therapy Clinic,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 3. [S]

 

1 May 1971: Chicago Gay Alliance march from the University of Chicago to Washington Park to protest the prison system in Chicago. Primary sources: “May Day March to Free Gay Prisoners,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Apr. 1971, 3. [J] [U]

 

3 May 1971: GAA and GLF protest at American Psychiatric Association convention in DC (20 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Raiders Seize Stage at D.C. Psychiatric Meet,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 3; Erik Larsson, “Psychiatrists Zapped Again,” GAY, 21 June 1971, 10; Franklin Kameny, “Wrong GAA,” The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 23; Don Jackson, “Kill the Queers!” Gay Sunshine, Aug. 1971, 11-12; “APA: A Delayed Report,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 12. [S]

 

28 May: GAA-NY zap at Clancy’s Bar (75 participants). Primary sources: Randy Wicker, “Bar Zap Turns into Cocktail Party,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 3, 13; Phil Katz, “A Natural Up,” Gay Activist, Oct. 1971, 5. [B]

 

4 June 1971: GAA-NY zap against marriage discrimination at City Clerk’s Office (35 participants). Primary sources: “‘I Do’ Rites Stir Hassle in New York,” The Advocate, 12 May 1971, 2; “N.Y.C. Clerk Pussyfoots on Legal Threat,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 3; Pete Fisher, “Gay Couples Celebrate Engagement at Marriage License Bureau,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 1, 14. [N]

 

7 June 1971: SIR and GAA-SF “work-in” protest at the Federal Building (20-40 participants, 2 arrests). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Plan ‘Work-in’ for U.S. Jobs,” San Francisco Examiner, 6 June 1971, 20; “Homosexual Protest on Job Policy,” San Francisco Chronicle, 8 June 1971, 17; “Work-In Bust,” Berkeley Barb, 11 June 1971, 2; “Federal Building ‘Work-In’ Protests U.S. Hiring Policy,” The Advocate, 7 July 1971, 4. [N]

 

12 June 1971: Gay Community Alliance demonstrations at the Society for Cultural Relations, the Progressive Book Store, and the American Opinion Library & Book Store in Los Angeles. Primary sources: “New L.A. Group Aims Protest at Right, Left,” The Advocate, 7 July 1971, 3, 8. [B]

 

12 June 1971: LGBT participation in Welfare Action Coordinating Committee demonstration at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center. Primary sources: “Welfare Activists Back Gay Make-Work Protest,” The Advocate, 7 July 1971, 6. [N] [S] [U]

 

20 June 1971: Gay pride march in Bridgeport, CT (80-500 participants). Primary sources: “Connecticut Rally to Aim Protest at Federal Laws,” The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 11; “Connecticut Gays Fight Slurs,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 9; “Homosexual Protest,” Washington Post, 1 Aug. 1971, A7; “Angry Mob Attacks Festive Gays; Woman Badly Beaten,” GAY, 30 Aug. 1971, 1; “Straights Harass Bridgeport Gays,” Gay Activist, Aug. 1971, 1-2; David Doyle, “Kalos Group Hits Back at Hostility,” The Advocate, 1 Sept. 1971, 1, 3. [P]

 

18 June 1971: LGBT rally in San Francisco’s Union Square (300 participants). Primary sources: “Gaylibirthday,” Berkeley Barb, 25 June 1971, 6. [P]

 

19-25 June 1971: Committee for Sexual Law Reform march for gay rights from San Francisco to Sacramento, followed by rally at the State Capitol in Sacramento (200 participants). Primary sources: “Perry Plans S.F.-Sacramento March in June,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 3, 11; “Plans Jell for June 19 March to Sacramento,” The Advocate, 9 June 1971, 2; “Gaylibirthday,” Berkeley Barb, 25 June 1971, 6; “March to Sacramento: A Gay Rally at Capitol,” San Francisco Chronicle, 26 June 1971, 6; “Long March for Gay Pride,” Berkeley Barb, 2 July 1971, 7; “Sacramento Plans Revised,” The Advocate, 7 July 1971, 26; “Work Harder for Reform, Solons Urge,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 12, 15; Leo Laurence, “The Long March: Rigor vs. Rights,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 13, 14; “Thousands Demonstrate During Gay Pride Week,” Mother, July 1971, 1, 5; “Gay Pride Week,” Mattachine Times, July 1971, 1; Jim Kepner, “Angles on the News,” The Advocate, 4 Aug. 1971, 8; “The Sacramento March,” Vector, Aug. 1971, 39-40, 45; Douglas L. Brown, “The Long March,” Gay Sunshine, Aug. 1971, 5; George Mendenhall, “A Long March,” The Advocate, 21 May 1975, 11. [N] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P]

 

20 June 1971: Gay Fellowship “Gay Happening” in Griffith Park (600 participants). Primary source: “L.A. Fellowship Comes Out,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 10. [G] [P]

 

21-25 June 1971: GAA-NY, DOB-NY, and RL-NY demonstrations at City Hall. Primary sources (350 participants, 9 arrests): “Gay Pride Week,” Come Out, Spring 1971, 13; “Gay Week Kicks Off in Fun City,” New York Post, 21 June 1971; “Gay Pride Week,” Gay Activist, June 1971, 1, 8; “New York Gay Pride Week Calendar,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 7; Pete Fisher, “Activists Arrested at City Hall,” GAY, 2 Aug. 1971, 1, 3, 11; Peter Hadley, “City Councilman Addresses A Candlelight Rally,” GAY, 2 Aug. 1971, 11, 18; Richard Wandel, “9 GAA Demonstrators Aquitted,” GAY, 11 Oct. 1971, 6; Ernest Peter Cohen, “475: A Gay Odyssey,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 3, 8, 10, 21, 22. [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P]

 

22 June 1971: Bay Area Gay Alliance staged a “Gay Pride Job Hunt,” with stops at the Mark Hopkins Hotel, the Bank of America, and the California Civil Service office in San Francisco (18 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Jobs,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1971, 15; “Gaylibirthday,” Berkeley Barb, 25 June 1971, 6. [B] [N] [P]

 

23 June 1971: Demonstration against NYC YMCAs. Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week,” Come Out, Spring 1971, 13; “New York Gay Pride Week Calendar,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 7. [P] [R]

 

25 June 1971: LGBT rally and kiss-in at Federal Building in Chicago. Primary sources: Bob Stanley, “Gay and Proud in Chicago,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, June 1971, 1, 2; “Public Affection for Straights Only?” Chicago Gay Pride, June 1971, 4; “Chinn and Cantrell Acquitted,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, July 1971, 3; “Chicago Gay Trial Dropped,” The Advocate, 18 Aug. 1971, 4. [N] [P]

 

26 June 1971: Gay pride march in Boston (150 participants). Primary sources: “March, Speeches Mark Gay Pride Week,” Boston Globe, 27 June 1971, 20; John Mitzel, “Gay Pride ’71: Boston,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 1, 6; “Thousands Demonstrate During Gay Pride Week,” Mother, July 1971, 1, 5; ; “Gay Liberation Day March,” Gay Scene (2.3), Aug. 1971, 3, 6; “Gay Pride Week ’71,” Fag Rag, Fall 1971, 20. [P]

 

26 June 1971: Gay pride march and rally in San Jose (100 participants). Primary sources: “GLF Letter,” Berkeley Tribe, 28 May 1971, 17; “March Set in San Jose,” The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 3; “Gaylibirthday,” Berkeley Barb, 25 June 1971, 6; “Gay Pride ’71: San Jose,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 1, 26; “Thousands Demonstrate During Gay Pride Week,” Mother, July 1971, 1, 5. [P]

 

27 June 1971: Christopher Street Liberation Day march from Greenwich Village to Central Park in New York (5000-10,000 participants). Primary sources: “New Yorkers Predict 50,000 in June 27 Fete,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 2; “Gay Pride Week,” Come Out, Spring 1971, 13; “Gay Pride Week,” Gay Activist, May 1971, 3; Merle Miller, “Homosexual Revolution,” Washington Post, 2 June 1971, B1, B6; “Great Day Coming!” The Advocate, 9 June 1971, 24; “Liberation Day Set for Homosexuals,” Amsterdam News, 19 June 1971, 4; “Gay Week Kicks Off in Fun City,” New York Post, 21 June 1971; “Mass March for New York,” The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 3; Joseph Lelyveld, “Militant Homosexuals to Stage March to Central Park Today,” New York Times, 27 June 1971, 30; Merle Miller, “The Challenge Began at Stonewall Inn,” San Francisco Examiner, 27 June 1971, 39; Paul Montgomery, “5,000 Homosexuals March to Central Park for a Rally,” New York Times, 28 June 1971, 23; “Gamboling Gays’ New York Parade,” San Francisco Chronicle, 28 June 1971, 7; “The Gays Go On A March,” New York Post, 28 June 1971, 13; “Liberation Day March,” Gay Scene, June 1971, 2; “Gay Pride Week,” Mattachine Times, June 1971, 12; “Gay Pride Week,” Gay Activist, June 1971, 1, 8; Peter Ogren, “The Sources of Gay Pride,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 6; Peter Hadley, “Gay Pride Week Opens,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 1; “New York Gay Pride Week Calendar,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 7; Bruce King, “Gays March,” Gay Scene (2.2), c. July 1971, 2; “6,000 Turn Out for Gay Pride,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, July 1971, 1-2; “Thousands Demonstrate during Gay Pride Week,” Mother, July 1971, 1, 5; “Gay Pride Week,” Mattachine Times, July 1971, 1; Breck Ardery, “Gay Pride ’71: New York,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 1, 3, 8; “Are You in This Picture?” GAY, 2 Aug. 1971, 1; Thane Hampten, “Oh Happy Day! June 27,1971,” GAY, 2 Aug. 1971, 6-10; “Second Birthday March,” Gay Activist, Aug. 1971, 3; Editorial, Gay Activist, Aug. 1971, 5; “Gay Liberation Day March,” Gay Scene (2.3), Aug. 1971, 3, 6; “Target Date,” Queen’s Quarterly, Aug. 1971, 5, 36; Hildegarde Weiss, “N.Y. Gay Day,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1971, 1; Craig Rodwell, “Gay and Free,” Queen’s Quarterly, Nov. 1971, 22-27. [P]

 

27 June 1971: Christopher Street West march in Los Angeles (2000 participants). Primary sources: “Christopher Street West Parade Permit Approved,” The Advocate, 31 Mar. 1971, 1, 11; “Dinner Will Boost Parade,” The Advocate, 28 Apr. 1971, 6; “CSW: ‘Unity in Diversity,’” The Advocate, 9 June 1971, 2; “Great Day Coming!” The Advocate, 9 June 1971, 24; “Gay Pride Week,” Los Angeles Free Press, 18 June 1971, 2; “CSW Parade Support Urged,” The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 3; Bill Lane, “People, Places, ‘n’ Situwayshuns,” Los Angeles Sentinel, 1 July 1971, B3; Mother Jackson, “Free the Caterpillar!,” Berkeley Barb, 2 July 1971, 9; “LA Gay Parley,” Berkeley Barb, 2 July 1971, 5; Pat Kelly, “Regional Meet Draws 350 Gay Lib Women,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 16; “The New ‘Penology,’” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 24; Pete Craig, “Sideliners Eager to Look, Not to Buy,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 4; “Gay Pride ’71: Hollywood,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 1, 4; “Long, Well-Rounded Entry Clouds Parade Aftermath,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 4; “Thousands Demonstrate during Gay Pride Week,” Mother, July 1971, 1, 5; “Gay Pride Week,” Mattachine Times, July 1971, 1; Jim Kepner, “Angles on the News,” The Advocate, 4 Aug. 1971, 8; Chuck Avery, “The Gay Parade: L.A.,” Gay Sunshine, Aug. 1971, 6; “Gay Liberation Day March,” Gay Scene (2.3), Aug. 1971, 3, 6; “Target Date,” Queen’s Quarterly, Aug. 1971, 5, 36; Sharon, “LA Weekend,” Sisters, Aug. 1971, 15-16; Karen Wells, “Opinion,” Sisters, Aug. 1971, 20-22. [P]

 

27 June 1971: Gay pride parade in Chicago (1200 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week: June 19-27,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, May 1971, 1; “Parade Mermit Issued!,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, May 1971, 1-2; “Gay Pride: Chicago Plans,” The Advocate, 9 June 1971, 2; Bob Stanley, “Gay and Proud in Chicago,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, June 1971, 1, 2; Audrey Weaver, “From the Weaver,” Chicago Defender, 3 July 1971, 12; “Chicago Celebrates Gay Pride Week,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, July 1971, 4-5; “Chicago Gay Alliance Faces Changes,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, July 1971, 2; “Gay Liberation Day March,” Gay Scene (2.3), Aug. 1971, 3, 6. [P]

 

28 June 1971: LGBT rally and kiss-in at Federal Building in Chicago. Primary sources: Bob Stanley, “Gay and Proud in Chicago,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, June 1971, 1, 2. [N] [P]

 

June 1971: LGBT demonstration at Billy Graham Crusade at McCormick Place Convention Center in Chicago (150 participants). Primary sources: “Protesters Try to Disrupt Graham Rally,” Los Angeles Times, 9 June 1971, 12. [R]

 

June 1971: LGBT demonstration against Christopher’s End bar in New York. Primary sources: “Male and Female,” Gay Activist, Sept. 1971, 4. [B] [Q]

 

17 July 1971: Lesbian Feminists and GLF-LA demonstration against anti-lesbian discrimination at Lillian’s Restaurant (50 participants). Primary sources: Lee Wilson, “Zapping Lillian’s,” Gay Sunshine, Aug. 1971, 5; “Gay Men Join Lesbians in Demonstration at Bar,” Mother, Aug. 1971, 1; Patricia O’Donahue, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 18 Aug. 1971, 22; Susan Helenius, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 1 Sept. 1971, 25. [B]

 

24 July 1971: Society for Individual Rights of Ohio parade and rally at Ohio State House in Columbus (14 participants). Primary sources: “Ohioans Brave Rain, March on Capitol,” The Advocate, 18 Aug. 1971, 10. [N]

 

25 July 1971: GAA-NY march and demonstration in Greenwich Village to protest police raids on gay bars (1000 participants). Primary sources: Laurie Johnston, “Christopher Street: From Farm to Gay Center,” The New York Times, 26 July 1971, 27; David Bear, “Raids Reveal Hustler Bars, Mafia Linked,” The Advocate, 18 Aug. 1971, 1, 3; “Ired Village Gays Demand City Donate Social Center,” The Advocate, 18 Aug. 1971, 3. [O]

 

30 July 1971: Kalos Society demonstration to police headquarters and City Hall in Bridgeport (150-200 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexual Protest,” Washington Post, 1 Aug. 1971, A7; “Angry Mob Attacks Festive Gays; Woman Badly Beaten,” GAY, 30 Aug. 1971, 1; David Doyle, “Kalos Group Hits Back at Hostility,” The Advocate, 1 Sept. 1971, 1, 3; “Kalos Offers Its Evidence in Bridgeport,” The Advocate, 15 Sept. 1971, 2; “In Response,” Gay Activist, Sept. 1971, 10. [O] [N]

 

July 1971: LGBT demonstration at Billy Graham Crusade at Oakland Coliseum in California (22 participants). Primary sources: “Graham, God, & Rent-A-Kops,” Berkeley Barb, 30 July 1971, 2; “Bill Graham Superstar: Who in the Hell Do You Think You Are?!” Berkeley Tribe, 30 July 1971, 3. [R]

 

1 August 1971: DOB-NY, Gay Women’s Liberation Front, and GAA-NY demonstration at Kooky’s. Primary sources: Randy Wicker, “Bar Zap Turns into Cocktail Party,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 3, 13; “‘Syndicate’ Lesbian Bar Zapped by N.Y. DOB,” The Advocate, 1 Sept. 1971, 2; “New York DOB Hold Demonstration against Bar Policy,” Mother, Sept. 1971, 6; “Male and Female,” Gay Activist, Sept. 1971, 4. [B] [Q]

 

6 August 1971: GAA-NY zap, sit-in, and kiss-in to protest antigay discrimination at Young Men’s Christian Association (75-170 participants). Primary sources: Richard C. Wandel, “Wild Melee at the YMCA,” GAY, 13 Sept. 1971, 1, 6; Leo Skir, “A Friendly Chat with the Y’s Director,” GAY, 13 Sept. 1971, 8; “The GAA and the YMCA,” Mattachine Times, Sept. 1971, 13; “A Word to the Y’s,” Gay Activist, Sept. 1971, 3, 10. [R]

 

22 August 1971: GAA-NY and GAA-Long Island demonstration against police harassment at county police headquarters in Hauppauge (75 participants, 1 arrest). Primary sources: “Long Island Brutality Stirs Huge GAA Zap,” The Advocate, 15 Sept. 1971, 1, 9; Richard C. Wandel, “Activists Beaten/Clubbed by L.I. Police,” GAY, 27 Sept. 1971, 1, 8; “Brutality—Suffolk Style,” Gay Activist, Sept. 1971, 1, 8-9, 13; Phil Katz, “A Natural Up,” Gay Activist, Oct. 1971, 5; Guy Charles, “Long Island Arrests Touch of Protests, New Probe Promises,” The Advocate, 12 Dec. 1971, 2, 5. [O]

 

27 August 1971: GAA-NY and GAA-Long Island demonstration against police harassment and violence at Suffolk County Courthouse in Riverhead (200 participants). Primary sources: “Long Island Brutality Stirs Huge GAA Zap,” The Advocate, 15 Sept. 1971, 1, 9; Richard C. Wandel, “Activists Beaten/Clubbed by L.I. Police,” GAY, 27 Sept. 1971, 1, 8; “Brutality—Suffolk Style,” Gay Activist, Sept. 1971, 1, 8-9, 13; Guy Charles, “Long Island Arrests Touch of Protests, New Probe Promises,” The Advocate, 12 Dec. 1971, 2, 5. [O] [N]

 

3 September 1971: Kalos Society demonstration against anti-lesbian discrimination at LaRosa Park West bar in Hartford (10 arrests). Primary sources: “Pickets Brave Wind, Rain over Bar’s Rule for Women,” The Advocate, 29 Sept. 1971, 4. [B]

 

23 September 1971: GLF-Gainesville demonstration at police department (25 participants). Primary sources: “Floridians Picket Police; Charge Gays Harassed,” The Advocate, 27 Oct. 1971, 1. [O]

 

30 September 1971: GAA-NY march to home of City Councilman Saul Sharison (100-300 participants). Primary sources: “500 Homosexuals Stage A Protest,” New York Times, 3 Oct. 1971, 66; “Two Zaps, Scandal Hints Get New York Hearing Date,” The Advocate, 27 Oct. 1971, 1, 22; “Intro 475 Now!” Gay Activist, Oct. 1971, 1, 2; “Reluctant N.Y. Councilman Again Target of Gays Seeking Action on Intro 475,” The Advocate, 17 Jan. 1973, 18. [E]

 

3 October 1971: GAA-NY march to home of City Councilman Saul Sharison (500-1000 participants; 6-10 arrests). Primary sources: “500 Homosexuals Stage A Protest,” New York Times, 3 Oct. 1971, 66; “6 from GAA Found Guilty of Trespass,” The Advocate, 10 Nov. 1971, 2; David Jones, “A Day in Court—The Sharison Six,” Gay Activist, Nov. 1971, 3; ; “Two Zaps, Scandal Hints Get New York Hearing Date,” The Advocate, 27 Oct. 1971, 1, 22; “Intro 475 Now!” Gay Activist, Oct. 1971, 1, 2; Ernest Peter Cohen, “475: A Gay Odyssey,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 3, 8, 10, 21, 22; “Reluctant N.Y. Councilman Again Target of Gays Seeking Action on Intro 475,” The Advocate, 17 Jan. 1973, 18. [E]

 

13 October 1971: GAA-SF zap at Pacific Telephone. Primary sources: “Battle for a ‘Homophile’ Phone Listing,” San Francisco Chronicle, 9 Sept. 1968, 36; D. C. and R. S., “Ma Bell Gets Yellow Suit,” Vector¸ Oct. 1968, 5, 29; Larry Littlejohn, “The President’s Corner,” Vector, Oct. 1968, 7; Del Martin, “Don’t Look in the Yellow Pages…Yet,” The Ladder, Dec. 1968, 30; “SIR vs. PT&T,” Vector, Mar. 1969, 6; “Homosexuals vs. Phone Firm Again,” San Francisco Chronicle, 15 Apr. 1969, 2; “Organized Women vs. Homosexuals,” San Francisco Chronicle, 16 Apr. 1969, 2; “Gays Flex Muscles,” Berkeley Barb, 18 Apr. 1969, 21; “Across the Editor’s Desk,” Vector, Apr. 1969, 6; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 31-32; “Yellow Pages Reject Homophile Groups,” Washington Post, 3 Dec. 1969, A7; “Yellow Pages Reject ‘Homo Phile Listing,” GAY, 31 Dec. 1969, 3; “Gay Telephone Listings?—P.U.C. Prejudice Charged,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 8; “California PUC Denies Gay Yellow Pages Listing,” Los Angeles Advocate, Feb. 1970, 5, 13; “Gays Lose Court Battle on ‘Homophile’ Phone List,” Los Angeles Advocate, 16 Sept. 1970, 2; “State Agency Upholds Pacific Telephone’s Rejection of SIR Ad,” The Advocate, 8 Jan. 1971, 2; “New Try on Phone Listing Cites Magnolia Thunderpussy,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 1, 12; “High Court Takes Phone Case,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 15; “Ma Bell Gives in to SIR—But Gays Want It To Be Legal,” The Advocate, 1 Sept. 1971, 6; “Phone Company to Be Zapped,” The Advocate, 29 Sept. 1971, 6; “Won’t Hire Gay, Says ‘Ma Bell,’ But…,” The Advocate, 10 Nov. 1971, 5; George Mendenhall, “S.F. Rights Commission Takes on Ma Bell,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 4, 13. [B]

 

15 October-30 November 1971: GLF-DC, GAA-DC, MSW, and MCC-DC demonstrations against anti-trans, racist, and sexist discrimination at Lost and Found in DC (15-20 participants). Primary sources: ; “D.C. Health Club under Attack,” GAY, 25 Oct. 1971, 1, 16; Perrin Shaffer and Randy Dowling, “Gay Racial Controversy Rages in Nation’s Capitol,” GAY, 22 Nov. 1971, 6; “Washington Pickets Says Bar Bans Blacks,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 6; Cliff Witt, letter to the editor, GAY, 20 Dec. 1971, 16; “Picketed Washington Bar Opens Negotiations,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 9; “Compromise Settles D.C. Bar Bias Dispute,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 19; Perrin Shaffer, “D.C. Bar Settles Dispute,” GAY, 1 May 1972, 3. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

 

19 October 1971: Chicago Gay Christian Activists demonstration at St. Sebastian’s Church. Primary sources: “Mass for Gays Draws Criticism,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 6. [R]

 

22-23 October 1971: Gay prisoners’s riot in the New York City House of Detention for Men. Primary sources: “GAA Probes Possible ‘Gay Attica’ in N.Y.C.,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 2; “Gay Inmates at Tombs Riot,” Gay Activist, Nov. 1971, 1, 15; “Chaplaincy for Gays in N.Y.’s ‘Tombs,’” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 8. [J] [J]

 

23 October 1971: GAA San Francisco demonstration at Beaux Arts Ball at the Hilton Hotel (17 participants). Primary sources: “GAA Pickets Slap SIR, Tavern Guild,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 9. [B] [Q]

 

28 October 1971: GAA-NY and DOB-NY demonstration at police station to protest police arrests at DOB-NY dance (75 participants, 3 arrests). Primary sources: “DOB Busted,” Mattachine Times, Oct. 1971, 18; “N.Y. DOB Raided,” GAY, 8 Nov. 1971, 12; “DOB Harassed by 9^th Precinct,” Gay Activist, Nov. 1971, 4. [O]

 

30 October 1971: GAA-Philadelphia, RL-Philadelphia, HAL, and Homosexual Information Service demonstrations at campaign headquarters of mayoral candidates Thacher Longstreth and Frank Rizzo (20 participants). Primary sources: Homosexual Groups Picket 2 Candidates,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 31 Oct. 1971, 9. [E] [E]

 

6 November 1971: GLF-LA, GLF San Diego, and Lesbian Feminists participation in antiwar march from MacArthur Park to City Hall in Los Angeles (150 participants). Primary sources: “Gays Vital to Peace Drive,” Kight Says,” The Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 13. [I]

 

6 November 1971: Chicago Gay Alliance, Mattachine Midwest, RL Chicago, and GLF Chicago participation in antiwar rally (30 participants). Primary sources: “Peace Rally Told It’s Time to Aid Gays,” The Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 15; “Less Talk—More Action,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Dec. 1971, 11. [I]

 

6 November 1971: GAA-NY participation in National Peace Action Coalition antiwar march and rally (75-300 participants). Primary sources: “Peace Rally Includes Gays,” GAY, 6 Dec. 1971, 6; “Owles Warns Gays Tired of Being Used,” The Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 24. [I]

 

6 November 1971: LGBT participation in San Francisco antiwar demonstration (1000 participants). Primary sources: Gerald Jacks and Dorothy Dillon, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 32. [I]

 

9 November 1971: LGBT participation in demonstration at Nixon dinner at Chicago Hilton. Primary sources: “Less Talk—More Action,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Dec. 1971, 11. [E] [B]

 

15 November 1971: LGBT demonstration at Federal Building in Chicago (200 participants). Primary sources: “Less Talk—More Action,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Dec. 1971, 11. [N]

 

20 November 1971: Detroit Gay Activists demonstration at Hudson Co. in Detroit. Primary sources: “Hudson’s Has A Gift for You,” Gay Liberator, Jan. 1972, 3; Dennis Lambiris, “Your Worst Fears Can Come True,” Gay Liberator, Feb. 1972, 3; “Store Guards in Detroit Attack Gay Demonstrators,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 11; “Sometimes We Need to Be Reminded: Zapping Hudson’s,” Gay Liberator, Mar. 1972, 1. [B]

 

21 November 1971: Gay Community Alliance and HELP demonstration at police station in Los Angeles (60-75 participants). Primary sources: “LAPD Target of Rights Complaint,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 3; “L.A. Demonstration Set,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 3; Donald Warman, “Los Angeles Police Chief Draws Community Anger,” GAY, 20 Dec. 1971, 1, 8; “Councilman Asks LAPD Hear Gays,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 2, 5; “LAPD Target of New Drive for Gay Rights,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 3, 14; The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 27. [O]

 

23 November 1971: University of Chicago Gay Liberation zap of Illinois gubernatorial candidate Thomas Foran at the University of Chicago (30 participants, 4 arrests). Primary sources: “Candidate Zap Gets Four Beaten, Arrested,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 9; “Being Gay Is A Bust,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Dec. 1971, 7; “Gays Freed after Arrest at Rally,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 28. [E] [U]

 

23 November 1971: GAA-Long Island and GAA-New York demonstration at Hauppage courthouse (150 participants). Primary sources: Guy Charles, “Long Island Arrests Touch of Protests, New Probe Promises,” The Advocate, 12 Dec. 1971, 2, 5; Guy Charles, “Long Island Police Beat Gay Delegation,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 1, 30; Nicholas Martino, “Suburban ‘Stonewall’ Shakes Long Island,” GAY, 10 Jan. 1972, 1, 6; Guy Charles, “Pair Beaten on Way to See Suffolk D.A.; ‘Set-Up’ Charged,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 3, 10; Nicholas Martino, “Tuesday Bloody Tuesday: Suffolk Police Jump Gays,” GAY, 24 Jan. 1972, 1, 2; “Suffolk Violence Continues,” Gay Activist, Feb. 1972, 9; Charles Burch, “Gay Lib & the Police: Bad Day at Hauppauge,” Village Voice, 4 May 1972, 12, 76; Bruce Gelbert, “Injustice, Suffolk Style,” Gay Activist, May 1972, 8; “Hauppage Three Guilty,” Mattachine Times, May 1972, 14; “3 Convicted in Long Island Incident,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 14; “Let’s Go to A Party!” GAY, 10 July 1972, 3; “Wouldn’t Let GAA Pay; Went to Jail,” The Advocate, 15 July 1972, 16; Sorel David, “An Interview with Alecto: The World’s Most Arrested Lesbian,” GAY, 24 July 1972, 9; Sorel David, “Alecto Goes to Jail,” GAY, 7 Aug. 1972, 7, 16. [N] [O]

 

29 November 1971: Gay Community Alliance demonstration at Barney’s Beanery in Los Angeles (15 participants). Primary sources: “‘Fagots’ Stay Out? Ho, Hum,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 7. [B]

 

4 December 1971: Detroit Gay Activists march for sex law reform from Reutter Park to the State Capitol in Lansing, Michigan (150 participants). Primary sources: “A Statewide Demonstration,” Gay Liberator, Nov. 1971, 1; Chris Winslow, “March on Lansing,” Gay Liberator, Jan. 1972, 1, 9; Raymond West, “Repeal All Anti-Gay Laws,” Gay Liberator, Jan. 1972, 9. [N]

 

9 December 1971: GAA-Philadelphia demonstration against psychiatrist Samuel Hadden at LaSalle College. Primary sources: “Philadelphia Group Hits ‘Sick’ Talk,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 4. [S] [U]

 

14 December 1971: GAA-NY and GAA-Long Island protest against police violence at Suffolk County District Attorney’s office (25-27 participants, 3 arrests). Primary sources: Primary sources: Guy Charles, “Long Island Police Beat Gay Delegation,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 1, 30; Nicholas Martino, “Suburban ‘Stonewall’ Shakes Long Island,” GAY, 10 Jan. 1972, 1, 6; Guy Charles, “Pair Beaten on Way to See Suffolk D.A.; ‘Set-Up’ Charged,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 3, 10; Nicholas Martino, “Tuesday Bloody Tuesday: Suffolk Police Jump Gays,” GAY, 24 Jan. 1972, 1, 2; “Suffolk Violence Continues,” Gay Activist, Feb. 1972, 9; Charles Burch, “Gay Lib & the Police: Bad Day at Hauppauge,” Village Voice, 4 May 1972, 12, 76; Bruce Gelbert, “Injustice, Suffolk Style,” Gay Activist, May 1972, 8; “Hauppage Three Guilty,” Mattachine Times, May 1972, 14; “3 Convicted in Long Island Incident,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 14; “Let’s Go to A Party!” GAY, 10 July 1972, 3; “Wouldn’t Let GAA Pay; Went to Jail,” The Advocate, 15 July 1972, 16; Sorel David, “An Interview with Alecto: The World’s Most Arrested Lesbian,” GAY, 24 July 1972, 9; Sorel David, “Alecto Goes to Jail,” GAY, 7 Aug. 1972, 7, 16. [N] [O]

 

17-24 December 1971: Gay Community Alliance, HELP, and MCC demonstrations against police brutality in Los Angeles (200 participants). Primary sources: “Councilman Asks LAPD Hear Gays,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 2, 5; “LAPD Target of New Drive for Gay Rights,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 3, 14; “Yuletide Demonstration Seeks Ouster of L.A. Police Chief,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 3, 6; “2 More L.A. Councilmen Back Police Liaison Call,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 2, 7; “Police Board Says ‘No,’” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 2; “Davis Explains Why He Can’t Talk to Gays,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 2, 7; “L.A. Police Board Adopts Citizen Grip Hearings,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 7; “L.A. Police Board Says Gays Imagining Things,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 11; Rob Cole, “L.A. Crackdown Disputed,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 13, 27; “Surprising Concession,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 13; Davie Smith, “Homosexual Groups Push Fight for Liberalized Morals Laws,” Los Angeles Times, 24 Jan. 1972, A1, A3, A24; “Victimless Crimes? No Such Things, Says Chief Davis,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 4. [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O]

 

20 December 1971: Gay Community Alliance, HELP, and MCC demonstration against the Los Angeles Times. Primary sources: Leo Laurence and Rob Cole, “‘Lepers’ Get Ear of L.A.,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 1, 4. [M]

 

22 December 1971: Detroit Gay Activists demonstration at Hudson Co. in Southfield. Primary sources: Dennis Lambiris, “Hudson’s Has A Gift for You,” Gay Liberator, Jan. 1972, 3; Dennis Lambiris, “Your Worst Fears Can Come True,” Gay Liberator, Feb. 1972, 3; “Store Guards in Detroit Attack Gay Demonstrators,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 11; “Sometimes We Need to Be Reminded: Zapping Hudson’s,” Gay Liberator, Mar. 1972, 1. [B]

 

23 December 1971: Detroit Gay Activists demonstration at Hudson Co. in Detroit. Primary sources: Dennis Lambiris, “Hudson’s Has A Gift for You,” Gay Liberator, Jan. 1972, 3; Dennis Lambiris, “Your Worst Fears Can Come True,” Gay Liberator, Feb. 1972, 3; “Store Guards in Detroit Attack Gay Demonstrators,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 11; “Sometimes We Need to Be Reminded: Zapping Hudson’s,” Gay Liberator, Mar. 1972, 1. [B]

 

24 December 1971: LGBT march in New York City (200 participants). Primary sources: Richard Wandel, “200 March in Candlelight Parade,” GAY, 1 Feb. 1971, 1, 3. [X]

 

30 December 1971: LGBT “dance-in” at the Poodle bar in Minneapolis (30 participants). Primary sources: “Minnesota Studies Gay Rights Case,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 11, 25; “Rights Commissioner Takes on Lesbian Dance Case,” GAY, 7 Feb. 1972, 6.1972 [B]

 

1972

 

5 January 1972: GAA-DC demonstration against police harassment at US Marine Corps Iwo Jima Memorial in Arlington, Virginia (25 participants, 6 arrests). Primary sources: Jay Mathews, “6 Arrested in Protest at Monument,” Washington Post, 6 Jan. 1972, D2; Carole Smith and David L. Aiken, “U.S. Drops Charges in Washington Protest,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 3, 8; Juan de Casas, “Iwo Jima Memorial Site of Gay Arrests,” GAY, 7 Feb. 1972, 1, 3. [O] [N]

 

5 January 1972: GAA-NY demonstration against presidential candidate Edmund Muskie at Regency Hotel (20-30 participants, 1 arrest). Primary sources: “McCarthy, Kennedy Support Gay Rights; Muskie Renegs,” Gay Activist, Dec. 1971, 6; Guy Charles, “N.Y. Police Rough Up Muskie Rally Pickets,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 3; Robert Raffone, “Activist Beaten at Muskie Dinner,” GAY, 7 Feb. 1972, 1; “Gay Clubbed at Muskie Rally,” Gay Activist, Feb. 1972, 5; “30 GAA Pickets Hit Muskie Silence,” The Advocate, 29 Mar. 1972, 3. [E] [B]

 

15 January 1972: Gay Sunshine demonstration against Society for Individual Rights at the San Francisco Hotel. Primary sources: “Gays Zap SIR,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1972, 1, 2; Gay Sunshine Collective, “San Francisco Gay Liberationists,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1972, 1; Editorial, Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1972, 2. [B] [Q]

 

15 January 1972: GAA-NY demonstration and sit-in against housing discrimination at Park West Village (100-200 participants). Primary sources: “New York Demonstrators Hit Apartment Ban,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 3; “Park West Zapped: Alcoa Won’t Rap with Gays,” Gay Activist, Feb. 1972, 7. [B]

 

22 January 1972: Mattachine Society of the Niagara Frontier demonstration at a New York State Association of City Councils meeting in Buffalo (14 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Rights Laws Sought from Council of Cities,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1971, 7. [N]

 

25 January 1972: GAA-NY (supported by Gay People at Columbia) demonstration against and zap of Mayor Lindsay at Radio City Music Hall (265 participants). Primary sources: Martin Tolchin, “Thousands of City Employes Attend Lindsay Benefit,” New York Times, 26 Jan. 1972, 18; “Lindsay Speech Disrupted by Activists,” GAY, 7 or 21 Feb. 1972, 1, 18; John Francis Hunter, “The Gay Insider,” GAY, 7 Feb. 1972, 10; “Intro 475 Defeated: GAA Calls for ‘Total War’ against Lindsay,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 1, 10; Guy Charles, “3 Lindsay Zaps Bring 15 Arrests,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 1, 11; Guy Charles, “Not His Fault, Lindsay Tells Advocate,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 1, 9; Arthur Bell,“Gays in Chains,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 5, 7, 8, 20; Ernest Peter Cohen, “475: A Gay Odyssey,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 3, 8, 10, 21, 22. [E] [M]

 

24-25 January 1972: GAA-NY demonstration at City Hall (7 participants, 7 arrests). Primary sources: “Lindsay Speech Disrupted by Activists,” GAY, 7 or 21 Feb. 1972, 1, 18; John Francis Hunter, “The Gay Insider,” GAY, 7 Feb. 1972, 10; “Intro 475 Defeated: GAA Calls for ‘Total War’ against Lindsay,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 1, 10; Guy Charles, “3 Lindsay Zaps Bring 15 Arrests,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 1, 11; Guy Charles, “Not His Fault, Lindsay Tells Advocate,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 1, 9; “Protestors Face Trials for Lindsay Zaps,” GAY, 6 Mar. 1972, 16; Arthur Bell,“Gays in Chains,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 5, 7, 8, 20; Vicki Richman, “Then There Was Lindsay 8’s Day in Court,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 6. [E] [E] [N] [N]

 

25-26 January 1972: GAA-NY sit-in at Lindsay presidential campaign headquarters (8 participants, 8 arrests). Primary sources: “Lindsay Speech Disrupted by Activists,” GAY, 7 or 21 Feb. 1972, 1, 18; John Francis Hunter, “The Gay Insider,” GAY, 7 Feb. 1972, 10; “Intro 475 Defeated: GAA Calls for ‘Total War’ against Lindsay,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 1, 10; Guy Charles, “3 Lindsay Zaps Bring 15 Arrests,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 1, 11; Guy Charles, “Not His Fault, Lindsay Tells Advocate,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 1, 9; “Protestors Face Trials for Lindsay Zaps,” GAY, 6 Mar. 1972, 16; Arthur Bell,“Gays in Chains,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 5, 7, 8, 20; Vicki Richman, “Then There Was Lindsay 8’s Day in Court,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 6; “Lindsay Eight Win Acquittal,” Mattachine Times, Apr. 1972, 14. [E] [E]

 

29 January 1972: Detroit Gay Activists demonstration at Hudson Co. (25 participants). Primary sources: “Store Guards in Detroit Attack Gay Demonstrators,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 11; “Sometimes We Need to Be Reminded: Zapping Hudson’s,” Gay Liberator, Mar. 1972, 1; “Glimpses of a Year Gone By,” Gay Liberator, Jan. 1973, 10. [B]

 

29 January 1972: LGBT protest at California prison conference at the University of California, Berkeley. Primary sources: Don Jackson, “Gays Walk out of Prison Meet; Doctors Go On to Tell of Abuses,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 2, 10 [J] [U]

 

4 February 1972: Gay Political Activists and University of Minnesota Women’s Liberation demonstration at Poodle Bar in Minneapolis (100 participants). Primary sources: Berta Kurpierz, “Protest Continues at Poodle Bar,” Gold Flower, Feb. 1972, 6, 8; “Gays Freeze Hot Trade,” Gay-Vue, Feb. 1972, 2. [B]

 

16-17 February 1972: Gay Awareness class sit-ins at Pizza Hut in Fullerton, California. Primary sources: “Pizza Patrons Protest Padlocking,” The Advocate, 15 Mar. 1972, 18. [B] [B] [U] [U]

 

23 February 1972: GAA-SF, Gay Sunshine, and Gay Rap participation in Medical Committee for Human Rights demonstration against aversion therapy, castration, and lobotomy at the University of California Medical Center in San Francisco (15-50 participants). Primary sources: “S.F. Demonstrators Hit Surgical, Drug ‘Cures,’” The Advocate, 29 Mar. 1972, 17. [S] [U]

 

8 March 1972: LGBT march against police violence from SF Civic Center Plaza to Federal Building (50 participants). Primary sources: “San Francisco Rites Honor Gays Killed by Vice Cops,” The Advocate, 29 Mar. 1972, 3, 17. [N] [O]

 

8 March 1972: GAA-Philadelphia and Homophile Action League demonstration against Republican State Committee fundraising event at the Academy of Music (100 participants). Primary sources: Greg Lee, “Gay Power Comes Out in Phila,” The Drummer, 9 Mar. 1972, 5; “Philadelphia Gays Picket GOP Dinner,” The Advocate, 12 Apr. 1972, 19. [E] [M]

 

10 March 1972: LGBT demonstration at Rollaway Rink in Lynnwood, Washington (20 participants). Primary sources: “Hand-Holding Pair Gets Pair Busted at Roller Rink” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 10; “Gee Whiz, Charges Dropped,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 4. [B]

 

24 March 1972: San Francisco Radical Gay Caucus demonstration at the California State Medical Facility in Vacaville (30 participants). Primary sources: “Prison Demo,” Gay Sunshine, June 1972, 2; Don Jackson, “Gay Death at Vacaville,” Gay Activist, Oct. 1972, 8-9. [J] [S]

 

30 March 1972: GAA-SF sit-in at California State Medical Facility in Vacaville (1 participant). Primary sources: “Sit-In Staged at Vacaville,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 6. [J] [S]

 

6 April 1972: GAA-Philadelphia zaps of speeches by presidential candidate Hubert Humphrey. Primary sources: Greg Lee, “A Gay Evaluation,” Drummer, 20 Apr. 1972, 1, 6. [E]

 

9 April 1972: Demonstration against anti-LGBT bias at New York Daily News (200-250 participants; 4 arrests). Primary sources: “4 Arrested in Zap at N.Y. Daily News,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 2; Guy Charles, “Bloody Fracas in N.Y.: Gays Savagely Beaten, Attackers Not Arrested,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 1, 8; Phil Katz, “The Inner Circle Affair,” Gay Activist, May 1972, 3, 4, 6, 13, 16; “Gays Picket Editorial Bigots,” Gay Liberator, May 1972, 5; “Hauppage 3 Guilty,” New York Mattachine Times, June 1972, 14; “The Daily News Blues,” Echo of Sappho, June 1972, 7; “4 Convicted of Trespassing in N.Y. Daily News Protest,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 3, 7; Vicki Richman, “‘Justice!’ ‘Justice!’” GAY, 10 July 1972, 1, 18. [M]

 

10 April 1972: Gay Community Alliance and Lavender People demonstration at the Academy Awards in Los Angeles (40 participants). Primary sources: “Academy Awards: A Gay Nay,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 3; William Beardemphl, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 28. [M]

 

7-15 April 1972: LGBT march for state law reform from New York City to Albany and demonstration at state capitol (400-1000 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexual Laws Opposed,” New York Times, 16 April 1972, 16; “The Road to Albany,” Gay Activist, Apr. 1972, 11; “Marchers Ask Rights in Albany,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 2, 5; Guy Charles, “March to Albany: A Lesson in Love,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 5; John P. LeRoy, “Albany March Starts With Times Square Kiss-Off,” GAY, 15 May 1972, 1, 19; John Leroy, “Gay Lib Meets the Homophobes,” GAY, 29 May 1972, 4; “The March to Albany,” Mattachine Times, May 1972, 8. [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N]

 

15 April 1972: GAA-NY demonstration at the Inner Circle dinner at the Hilton Hotel (25-30 participants). Primary sources: Les Ledbetter, “Homosexuals File Assault Charges against Maye and 6 Others,” The Advocate, 19 Apr. 1972, 23; “New Assault is Reported by Gay Activist Member,” New York Times, 22 Apr. 1972, 19; Eric Pace, “Official Accuses Maye of Assault,” New York Times, 25 Apr. 1972, 11; Laurie Johnston, “Bronx Official Backs ‘Gay’ Complaint,” New York Times, 2 May 1972, 86; “Hogan’s Home Is Picketed by Homosexual Protesters,” New York Times, 5 May 1972, 22; Guy Charles, “Bloody Fracas in N.Y.: Gays Savagely Beaten, Attackers Not Arrested,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 1, 8; “Criminals Outside,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 28; Vicki Richman, “Ex-Heavyweight Boxer Attacks Gays at Hilton Dinner,” GAY, 15 May 1972, 1, 18, 19; Lacey Fosburgh, “Maye Is Held as Harasser in Gay Alliance Outbreak,” New York Times, 23 May 1972, 30; Guy Charles, “Four N.Y. Officials to Testify for Gays in Hilton Beatings,” The Advocate, 24 May 1972, 3; Joseph P. Fried, “Maye Asserts Gay Activists Intentionally Set Up Incident,” New York Times, 24 May 1972, 51; Vicki Richman, “District Attorney Slow to Act on Beatings,” GAY, 29 May 1972, 1, 16; John Leroy, “Gay Lib Meets the Homophobes,” GAY, 29 May 1972, 4; Phil Katz, “The Inner Circle Affair,” Gay Activist, May 1972, 3, 4, 6, 13, 16; “Inner Circle Case before Grand Jury,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 3; “3 in Gay Unit Seized at a Maye Hearing,” New York Times, 8 June 1972, 35; Vicki Richman, “Supreme Court Judge Hedges on Beatings,” GAY, 12 June 1972, 1, 12; “Slap on Wrist Apparently Due Mickey Maye,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 3; “Law Takes a Holiday,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 26; Lacey Fosburgh, “Maye Kicked Man, Witness Testifies,” New York Times, 24 June 1972, 36; “Hauppage 3 Guilty,” New York Mattachine Times, June 1972, 14; “May Trial Delayed by ‘New Evidence,’” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 1, 7; “First Gay Arrested in Inner Circle Affair,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 7; “Maye Cleared of Harming Homosexual,” New York Times, 6 July 1972, 38; “Gay Activist Member Charges 2d Fireman with Beating Him,” New York Times, 7 July 1972, 15; “Grand Jury Clears 2d Fire Union Aide,” New York Times, 8 July 1972, 30; “Firefighter Found Not Guilty,” Chicago Daily Defender, 8 July 1972, 2; Vicki Richman, “‘Justice!’ ‘Justice!’” GAY, 10 July 1972, 1, 18; “District Attorney’s Belated Arrest Stirs Anger in N.Y. Gay Circles,” GAY, 10 July 1972, 1, 10; John LeRoy, “Michael Maye: Soap Opera in Court Continues,” GAY, 10 July 1972, 1, 10; John LeRoy, “Maye Trial Nears Completion,” GAY, 24 July 1972, 1, 18; Vicki Richman, “Maye Verdict: Was Justice Served?” GAY, 7 Aug. 1972, 1, 3, 10. [B] [M]

 

22 April 1972: LGBT participation in antiwar march in New York. Primary sources: Martin Arnold, “War Foes March in the Rain Here,” New York Times, 23 Apr. 1972, 1, 54. [I]

 

22 April 1972: Lesbian Feminists and Lavender People participation in antiwar march in Los Angeles. Primary sources: “Anti-War March Split Looms in L.A.,” The Advocate, 12 Apr. 1972, 7; Martin Arnold, “War Foes March in the Rain Here,” New York Times, 23 Apr. 1972, 1, 54; “Most Groups to Skip L.A. Peace March,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 12; “Lesbians Lead Gay Contingent in L.A. Peace March,” The Advocate, 24 May 1972, 6. [I]

 

23 April 1972: Gay-in on Christopher Street in support of lawsuits against Michael Maye. Primary sources: Guy Charles, “Four N.Y. Officials to Testify for Gays in Hilton Beatings,” The Advocate, 24 May 1972, 3. [X]

 

25 April 1972: LGBT zap of New York State Senate Majority Leader in Albany (24-25 participants; 1 arrest). Primary sources: Hal Offen, “ZAP,” Gay Activist, May-June 1972, 11; John P. Leroy, “Gay Lib Meets the Homophobes,” GAY, 29 May 1972, 4-5; “Albany Zap Results in Beatings, 1 Arrest,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 6. [E]

 

27-28 April 1972: Gay Male Liberation zap of the Eastern Psychological Association conference in Boston (15 participants). Primary sources: “Gays Get No Satisfaction from Eastern Psychological Assn.,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 4; “GML Zaps Witchdoctors,” Fag Rag, Summer 1972, 5. [S] [S]

 

4-8 May 1972: GAA-NY demonstrations at home of district attorney (75-100 participants). Primary sources: “Hogan’s Home Is Picketed by Homosexual Protesters,” New York Times, 5 May 1972, 22; Phil Katz, “The Inner Circle Affair,” Gay Activist, May 1972, 3, 4, 6, 13, 16; “Inner Circle Case before Grand Jury,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 3. [E] [E] [E] [E] [E]

 

5 May 1972: Gay Pride Week rally at Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C. (50-180 participants). Primary sources: Paul Hodge, “Open Displays of Affection Asked by Gay Liberation,” Washington Post, 6 May 1972, B2; “Homosexuals’ Rally,” Los Angeles Times, 6 May 1972, A18; Dave Aiken, “Gay Pride at the White House,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 1, 23; Perrin Shaffer, “D.C. Gay Pride Week Climaxes near White House,” GAY, 12 June 1972, 1, 12; “In-fighting, Boycotts Mar Pride Week Planning,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 1, 13, 22. [P]

 

6 May 1972: GAA-SF demonstration at Hilton Hotel in San Francisco (15 participants). Primary sources: “Hittin’ the Hilton,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 6. [B]

 

7 May 1972: Gay-In at Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. Primary sources: Dave Aiken, “Gay Pride at the White House,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 1, 23; “In-fighting, Boycotts Mar Pride Week Planning,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 1, 13, 22. [G]

 

11-12 May 1972: Gay protest (dancing, kissing, hand-holding) at Hilton Hotel in Denver (2-6 participants). “No Dancing at the Hilton,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 1; “Denver Hilton Apologizes to Gay,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 12. [B] [B]

 

12-13 May 1972: Gay Male Liberation protest at the Massachusetts Psychological Association. Primary sources: “GML Zaps Witchdoctors,” Fag Rag, Summer 1972, 5. [S] [S]

 

21 May 1972: GAA-Columbus Gay Pride Week rally at state capitol building (150 participants). Primary sources: David Treadwell, “Statehouse Rally Caps All-Ohio Gay Conference,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 6; “In-fighting, Boycotts Mar Pride Week Planning,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 1, 13, 22; “Mattachine’s New President in Ohio March,” Mattachine Times, June 1972, 14. [N] [P]

 

23 May 1972: LGBT protest at lecture by Dr. Warren Gadpaille at the University of Minnesota (20 participants). Primary sources: “Angry Gay Libber Hurls Water at Shrink,” GAY, 10 July 1972, 3. [S] [U]

 

4-10 June 1972: Gay Pride Week demonstration against Miami Beach female impersonation law. Primary sources: “Transvestites Win Suit,” Boston Globe, 23 June 1972, 2; “Gay Pride in Miami: Dancing, Demonstrating,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 3; “Drag Arrests in Miami ‘Set Up,’ Says Gay Leader,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 33; “Court Voids Miami Beach Drag Bans,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 4; John P. LeRoy, “Who’s A Lady in Miami?” GAY, 24 July 1972, 10; “Victory for Gays in Florida,” Gay Scene, July 1972, 22; Lee G. Brewster, “To Cross-Dressers Everywhere,” Drag (2.7), c. July 1972. [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P]

 

7 June 1972: GAA-NY demonstration at trial of Michael Maye (100 participants, 3 arrests). Primary sources: “3 in Gay Unit Seized at a Maye Hearing,” New York Times, 8 June 1972, 35. [N]

 

11 June 1972: Gay pride march in Philadelphia (2500-10,000 participants). Primary sources: “Air Force Vet Risks Job to Proclaim He’s Gay,” Philadelphia Daily News, 11 May 1972, 5; “Strange Bedfellows,” Philadelphia Daily News, 25 May 1972, 25; Larry Fields, “Coffins to Set Theme of Gay Pride March,” Philadelphia Daily News, 6 June 1972; May 1972, 25; Douglas Gile, “Homosexuals, Friends Plan Parade down Chestnut St.,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 6 June 1972, 58; Greg Lee, “The March for Gay Pride,” Drummer, 8 June 1972, 3, 4; “‘Gay’ Liberation Parade Draws Crowd of 10,000,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 12 June 1972, 5; “‘Gay Pride’ Marchers Shed Symbolic Chains in Liberation Drive,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 12 June 1972, 31; Larry Fields, “1,000 Gays Proclaim Freedom in March,” Philadelphia Daily News, 12 June 1972, 3; “Homosexuals Hold March,” New York Times, 12 June 1972, 39; “A Group of Homosexuals,” Philadelphia Tribune, 13 June 1972, 2; Greg Lee, “The Day of the Coming Out,” Drummer, 15 June 1972, 4; Jim Quinn, “Marching with Gay Pride: Don Juan in Hell,” Drummer, 15 June 1972, 12; “In-fighting, Boycotts Mar Pride Week Planning,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 1, 13, 22; letters to the editor, Drummer, 29 June 1972, 3, 5; “Words of the Week,” Jet, 29 June 1972, 32; “First Phila. Gay Pride March,” Gay Alternative, June 1972, 1; “2500 Gays March in Philly Parade,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 1, 7; Lige and Jack, “Philadelphia’s Gay Pride: The City of Brotherly Love,” GAY, 10 July 1972, 12; Brooke, “Women—Get It Together,” Lesbians Fight Back, July 1972, 3; Richard A. Frank, “Turnout Exceeds Expectations,” Gay Alternative, July 1972, 1, 2; B. Hill, “The Gay Pride March,” Lesbians Fight Back, Aug. 1972, 3. [P]

 

18 June 1972: Women’s Center Prisoners Collective and Lesbian Feminists demonstration at the Sybil Brand Institute for Women in Los Angeles (50 participants). Primary sources: Helen Koblin, “Sybil Brand Institute: The Daddy Tank,” Los Angeles Free Press, 9 June 1972, 15; “Los Angeles Women’s Jail Protest Set,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 10; “Women Hit Jail Treatment,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 14; “We Mean Business,” Lesbian Tide, July 1972, 1. [J]

 

21 June 1972: Gay Pride Week march to the Charles St. Jail in Boston (60 participants). Primary sources: “Boston’s Week includes March to Jail, Capitol,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 14. [J] [P]

 

23 June 1972: GAA-NJ demonstration at Bergen County courthouse and pride parade in Hackensack (200 participants). Primary sources: “200 Brave Heavy Rains to Parade in New Jersey,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 26; “New Jersey Activists on the Move,” GAY, 24 July 1972, 1, 10; “New Jersey,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1972, 15. [N] [P]

 

24 June 1972: Gay pride parades in Boston (300-350 participants), Dallas (250-300 participants), and Detroit (300 participants). Primary sources: “Dallas to Have Own Liberation Day Parade,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 2; “Events,” Gay Liberator, May 1972, 3; Susan Williamson, “Building Gayday,” Gay Liberator, May 1972, 3; “Campaign Planned,” Gay Liberator, May 1972, 3; “In-fighting, Boycotts Mar Pride Week Planning,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 1, 13, 22; “Proud Gays Prance through Dallas,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 15; “Gay Pride ’72,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 1; “Boston’s Week Includes March to Jail, Capitol,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 14; “Dallas,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1972, 15; “Boston,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1972, 15; “By Women,” Sisters, Sep. 1972, 16-17; “Dallas Gay Pride Parade,” Sisters, Sep. 1972, 18-21; “Christopher Street Detroit ’72,” Gay Liberator, Sep. 1972, 10-11; “Gay Pride Week ’72,” Fag Rag, Jan. 1973, 15; “Glimpses of a Year Gone By,” Gay Liberator, Jan. 1973, 10. [P] [P] [P]

 

25 June 1972: Gay pride parades in Atlanta (250 participants), Chicago (1000 participants), Detroit (300-1300 participants), Los Angeles (400-5000 participants), New York (3500-10,000 participants), and San Francisco (1000-25,000 participants). Primary sources: “San Francisco Parade Slated,” The Advocate, 12 Apr. 1972, 6; “S.F. Parade All Set,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 17; “Christopher Street West: L.A. Gets It Together Again,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 2, 9; “Christopher Street West Preparing Parade,” GAY, 15 May 1972, 14; “Christopher Street West Parade,” SIR Insider, May 1972, 12; “Gay Pride Week,” Gay Activist, May 1972, 7; Gerald Hansen, “Happy Anniversary, Gay Pride Week!” Mattachine Times, May 1972, 8; “Chris West Creeps Up,” Berkeley Barb, 2 June 1972, 13; “‘Image’ Fight Dims L.A. Parade Outlook,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 5; “San Diego Meet Backs West Coast Parades,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 8; “N.Y. Parade Plan Draws Jersey Fire,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 5; “Chris St. West Hassles,” Berkeley Barb, 9 June 1972, 12; “Schism Splits California Parade Makers,” GAY, 12 June 1972, 1, 16; “Freedom Parade: Looks Good,” Berkeley Barb, 16 June 1972, 10; “Gay Freedom Day,” Berkeley Barb, 16 June 1972, 10; “SIR Sees Revival Ahead,” Berkeley Barb, 16 June 1972, 9; “In-fighting, Boycotts Mar Pride Week Planning,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 1, 13, 22; “L.A. Parade Permit Gets Quick Police Board Okay,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 24; “Gay Liberation Parade June 25,” Los Angeles Free Press, 23 June 1972, 12; “Freedom March Sunday,” Berkeley Barb, 23 June 1972, 2, 3; Nick Benton, “Gay People, What Now?” Berkeley Barb, 23 June 1972, 2, 3; Larry Liebert, “S.F.’s Lively Gay Parade,” San Francisco Chronicle, 26 June 1972, 3; James Finefrock, “A Parade by 1000 S.F. Gays,” San Francisco Examiner, 26 June 1972, 3; “Annual March by N.Y. Gays,” San Francisco Examiner, 26 June 1972, 3; Ralph Blumenthal, “March Is Staged by Homosexuals,” New York Times, 26 June 1972, 21; John Francis Hunter, “Let’s Celebrate: Gay Pride Week 1972,” GAY, 26 June 1972, 12, 13, 16; Greg Lee, “Auntie Sam Wants You,” Drummer, 29 June 1972, 4; Jill Johnston, “Hordes of Dykes and Faggots,” Village Voice, 29 June 1972, 29, 30, 38; Nick Benton, “Humor and Humanity: Gays Shine Through,” Berkeley Barb, 30 June 1972, 5; Clark Fulmer, “Marchers, Floats Ready for Gay Parade,” Vector, June 1972, 41; “Gay Pride Week,” Chicago Gay Pride, June 1972, 3; “Get It Together,” Chicago Gay Pride, June 1972, 12; “Christopher St. Rip-Off: S.F.,” Gay Sunshine, June 1972, 2; “S.F. Parade May Be the Most Spectacular,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 2; Milton Lounsberry, “Remember the Stonewall? A Dark and Shuttered Shrine,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 2; “Reverend Attacks Lesbians,” Los Angeles Free Press, 7 July 1972, 20; “Emmaus House Sues Chris West,” Berkeley Barb, 14 July 1972, 11; “San Francisco,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 3, 30; “Smaller L.A. Parade Has Its Problems with ‘Jesus Freaks,’” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 5, 26; “‘Fruitcart’ Promotes Cause in Detroit Pride March,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 33; “A First for Famed Peachtree St.,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 12; “Chicago Parade Draws Wide Support,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 19; Randy Wicker, “Thousands Parade Under Sunny Skies in Damp New York,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 2; Gerald Hansen, “San Francisco Hosts Gay Parade,” GAY, 24 July 1972, 1, 3, 14; “They Would Have Marched Anyway,” GAY, 24 July 1972, 1; “Remember the Stonewall,” GAY, 24 July 1972, 4-5; Gay Sunshine Collective, “C.S.W. Fracas (Round 1),” Gay Sunshine, c. July 1972, 1; Jeanne Cordova, “Christopher Street,” Lesbian Tide, July 1972, 3-4, 12-14; “Gay Pride Week Parade,” Mattachine Times, July 1972, 10; “Queens with Balls,” Drag (2.8), c. July 1972, 7-10; Sara Thompson, “Gay Pride Week Celebration,” Lavender Woman, July 1972, 9; Gay Sunshine Collective, “News Release – San Francisco,” Lesbian Tide, July 1972, 9; Ron Bossamer, “The Big Parade,” Vector, Aug. 1972, 33, 34; “Detroit,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1972, 15; “Gay Pride Week,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, 4 Aug. 1972, 1, 12; “C.S.W. Fracas (Round 2), Gay Sunshine, c. Aug. 1972, 2; Ron Bossamer, “The Big Parade,” Vector, Aug. 1972, 33, 34; “Gay Pride,” Echo of Sappho, Aug. 1972, 14; Beth Elliott, “Brotherly Concern,” Lesbian Tide, Sep. 1972, 12; “Gay Pride Week ’72,” Fag Rag, Jan. 1973, 15. [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P]

 

27 June 1972: Gay Pride Week demonstrations at Civic Center and Board of Education in Chicago. Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week,” Chicago Gay Pride, June 1972, 3; “Get It Together,” Chicago Gay Pride, June 1972, 12; “Chicago Parade Draws Wide Support,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 19. [N] [U] [P]

 

28 June 1972: Gay Pride Week vigil at Cook County Jail in Chicago. Primary sources: ; “Gay Pride Week,” Chicago Gay Pride, June 1972, 3; “Get It Together,” Chicago Gay Pride, June 1972, 12. [J] [P]

 

10-12 July 1972: LGBT demonstrations at Democratic Party National Convention in Miami (300 participants). Primary sources: “A New Gay Rights Platform,” Mattachine Times, Feb. 1972, 1, 9; Morty Manford, “Gay America Plans for ’72 Election,” GAY, 6 Mar. 1972, 1, 16; Guy Charles, “A New National Gay Rights Platform,” The Advocate, 15 Mar. 1972, 1, 34; Guy Charles, “Miami Gays Preparing for Convention Influx,” The Advocate, 12 Apr. 1972, 12; “Peace, Miami Cops Tell Gays,” The Advocate, 12 Apr. 1972, 12; “Political Huddle Set for Washington,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 3; “Caravan to Miami Proposed,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 8; Perrin Shaffer, “Groups Plan Convention Strategy,” GAY, 12 June 1972, 3; Steven R. Weisman, “5 Gay Candidates Are in State Contests,” New York Times, 16 June 1972, 24; “Gays Confront Dems,” Fag Rag, Summer 1972, 5; “Bus Caravan Organized to Demo Convention,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 20, 33; “Lots of Problems Face Miami Planners,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 20, 31; “Drag Arrests in Miami ‘Set Up,’ Says Gay Leader,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 33; Guy Charles, “Democratic Convention Debate Due,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 1, 31; “‘Gay Rage’ Call Slated if Demos Reject Plank,” The Advocate, 26 July 1972, 31; “By God, Gay Is Good,” Mattachine Times, July 1972, 9; “We Were There!” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 1, 2; David L. Aiken, “Bus Caravan Fails, but Gays Turn Heads in Miami, Anyway,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 2; “Fast Fells Gay Demonstrator,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 3; “Miami Confab Agrees Strong NCGO Needed,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 10; “Opposite Speaker Says Children, Women Threatened,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 2; “Democratic Convention Airs Gay Lib Proposals,” GAY, 7 Aug. 1972, 1, 10; “Who Was Watching?” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 2; Barbara Love, “Sisters and Brothers: One Mind, One Heart,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 2; Dan Allen, “Miami Beach Diary,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 4, 5, 16; “Queens Cry Gay Sellout,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 2; Angela Keyes Douglas, “Report from Miami,” Sisters, Sept. 1972, 11-12; “Miami Convention,” Fag Rag, Jan. 1973, 15. [E] [E] [E]

 

23-25 July 1972: Lesbian participation in antiwar rally at UCLA. Primary sources: Jeanne Cordova, “Gay Out-Front at Anti-War Convention,” Lesbian Tide, Sept. 1972, 2-3, 12. [I] [I] [I] [U] [U] [U]

 

30 July 1972: LGBT demonstration at the Sybil Brand Institute in Los Angeles. Primary sources: “We Mean Business,” Lesbian Tide, July 1972, 1. [J]

 

15 August 1972: Gay Raiders zap of WPVI-TV news program in Philadelphia (6 participants). Primary sources: Joe O’Dowd, “Gay Lib Gets the Bum’s Rush on Action News,” Philadelphia Daily News, 16 Aug. 1972, 3; John J. Gaffney, “3 ‘Gay Liberationists’ Disrupt WPVI Newscast,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 16 Aug. 1972, 31; “‘Action News Team’ Survives Gay Liberationist Invasion,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 17 Aug. 1972, 34; Tom Fox, “Prince Valiant After the Raid,” Philadelphia Daily News, 17 Aug. 1972, 4; Jim Quinn, “The Storming of WPVI,” Drummer, 24 Aug. 1972, 1, 2, 3; Greg Lee, “Meet Larry Kane’s Best Friend!” Drummer, 24 Aug. 1972, 4; letter to the editor, Philadelphia Daily News, 24 Aug. 1972, 25; Greg Lee, “Remember Tom Fox, Gay Is Delicious,” Philadelphia Daily News, 7 Sep. 1972, 28; “Dancing the Gay Lib Blues…on the Air,” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 14; Al Haas, “‘Gay’ Raid Leader Insists ‘Straights’ Are the Sick Ones,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 16 Dec. 1972, 13; Al Haas, “’73 Resolution: Denenberg to Haunt Doctors,” Philadlephia Inquirer, 1 Jan. 1973, B1; “Controversy Surrounds Philadelphia Activist,” GAY, 29 Jan. 1973, 18; Larry McMullen, “Super Faggot,” Philadelphia Daily News, 13 Feb. 1973, 4; Larry Fields, “Rizzo Goes to White House,” Philadelphia Daily News, 17 Apr. 1973, 33; Randy Wicker, “The Wicker Report,” GAY, 18 June 1973, 4. [M]

 

17 August 1972: GAA-Philadelphia demonstration against antigay discrimination at WPVI (50 participants). Primary sources: Charles Smith, “Police Block Gay Activists at Door of WPVI Studio,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 18 Aug. 1972. [M]

 

18-23 August 1972: LGBT demonstrations at Republican Party National Convention in Miami (200 participants, 20 arrests). Primary sources: Randy Wicker, “GOP Platform Body Allots Time to Hear Gay Plea: 15 Minutes,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 3; “GOP Platform Panel: In One Ear…,” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 3; Guy Charles, “At Least 20 Gays Arrested in Protests at GOP Conclave,” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 3; Dan Allen, “Miami Beach Diary,” The Advocate, 27 Sep. 1972, 11; Morty Manford, “Republicans Avoid Gay Issue: Ridicule Democrats for Involvement,” GAY, 2 Oct. 1972, 3, 10, 18; Dan Allen, “Miami Beach Diary,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 16, 17. [E] [E] [E] [E] [E] [E]

 

21 August 1972: GAA-NY sit-in at McGovern campaign headquarters (30 participants, 6 arrests). Primary sources: Frederic Morton, “With George McGovern on the Morning After,” Village Voice, 29 June 1972, 1, 24; Angela Keyes Douglas, “Gay Rage Directed at McGovern,” Los Angeles Free Press, 21 July 1972, 13; “We Send Telegrams and Letters,” Mattachine Times, July 1972, 11; Guy Charles, “M’Govern Gays Badly Shaken Up,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 3; “Protest Sent to McGovern,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 3; “Angry Gay Leaders Lie Down in McGovern Hotel Entrance,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 3, 10; “N.Y. Delegates Slam Wilch,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 3; “Fast Fells Gay Demonstrator,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 3; Rob Cole, “He Loves Us Not…,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 1, 13; “GAA/NY Holds Fire, Challenges McGovern,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 2; Sasha Gregory, “Keep Pressure on McGovern, Foster Urges,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 2; “Gay Activists in Protest Occupy McGovern Office,” New York Times, 22 Aug. 1972, 37; “McGovern Offices Held in Protest by Gay Unit,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 22 Aug. 1972; Arthur Bell, “Still a Political Embarrassment,” Village Voice, 24 Aug. 1972, 26; Guy Charles and Rob Cole, “Whither McGovern?” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 1, 15; “Activists Suspend McGovern Support,” GAY, 4 Sep. 1972, 3; “GAA Occupies N.Y. McGovern Office for 5 Hours,” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 2; Arthur Evans, “McGovern or Not: Is That Really the Question?” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 29; letters to the editor, The Advocate, 13 Sept. 1972, 29; John LeRoy, “Activists Invade McGovern Hqtrs.,” GAY, 18 Sep. 1972, 1, 13; Beth Elliot, “The Miami Sell-Out,” Lesbian Tide, Sep. 1972, 5; “Gays Arrested at McGovern HQ,” Mattachine Times, Sep. 1972, 8-9; “Philly Gays Fail in Effort to See McG.,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 20; “Trial of GAA Protesters Stalled,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 20; Bruce Voeller, “Top McGovern Aide Affirms Gay Rights Stand,” GAY, 16 Oct. 1972, 1, 6; Rob Cole, “McGovern Denial,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 1, 10; “Court Dismisses Six from McGovern Sit-In,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 4; “McGovern Denies Gay Rights Statement,” Lesbian Tide, Nov. 1972, 6. [E]

 

23-25 August 1972: LGBT demonstrations against Vice President Spiro Agnew and presidential candidate George McGovern at Veterans of Foreign Wars national convention in Minneapolis (12 participants). Primary sources: “Agnew, McGovern Hit in Minneapolis,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 20. [E] [E] [E]

 

25 August 1972: Dyke Separatists, GAA Lesbians, and other feminist groups march and rally for women’s rights in New York (2000 participants). Primary sources: “Sisterhood Marches,” Gay Liberator, Oct. 1972, 4. [X]

 

26 August 1972: RL-Philadelphia and other feminist groups march and rally for Women’s Strike Day (100-400 participants). Primary sources: Lillian Williams, “300 March for ‘Power to the Sisters,’” Philadelphia Inquirer, 27 Aug. 1972, B1; Marci Shatzman, “Woman Asks Equal Pay, Legal Rights,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 27 Aug. 1972, 28; “Strike! March! Rally!” Lesbians Fight Back, Aug. 1972, 1; “Phila Women March on Strike Day,” Lesbians Fight Back, Sept. 1972, 4; Linda Byron, “Power to the Sisters,” Lesbians Fight Back, Sept. 1972, 5; Judy, “Racism: A Feminist Analysis,” Lesbians Fight Back, Sept. 1972, 5-6; “Got Them Job Discrimination Blues?” Lesbians Fight Back, Sept. 1972, 8; Marilyn Buggey, “As Women, As Workers,” Lesbians Fight Back, Sept. 1972, 6-7. [X]

 

7 September 1972: GAA-NY demonstration against police harassment at Sixth Precinct. Primary sources: Randy Wicker, “N.Y. Gays, Police Air Differences,” The Advocate, 22 Nov. 1972, 2, 14. [O]

 

13 September 1972: GAA-Philadelphia protest at McGovern rally. Primary sources: “Philly Gays Fail in Effort to See McG.,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 20. [E]

 

16 September 1972: Demonstration against exploitation and anti-trans discrimination at the Flame bar in Ann Arbor (60 participants). Primary sources: “A2 Demonstration,” Gay Liberator, Oct. 1972, 1. [B] [Q]

 

25-26 September 1972: GAA-NY demonstration and sit-in to protest anti-LGBT discrimination at Taxi Commission (20-50 participants). Primary sources: Randy Wicker, “N.Y. Zap Ends Mental Exams for Gay Cabbies,” The Advocate, 25 Oct. 1972, 1, 16; Vicki Richman, “Activists Zap Taxi Commissioner,” GAY, 30 Oct. 1972, 7, 10; Alan Clay, “Clay’s Clearing House,” GAY, 13 Nov. 1972, 12; “Your Cabbie May Be Gay,” Gay Liberator, Nov. 1972, 12; “GAA Get Cabby’s License,” Gay Scene, Nov. 1972, 15; “Vector News Briefs,” Vector, Nov. 1972, 16; Mike McPherson, “Taxi Commission Oppresses Gays,” Gay Activist, Feb. 1973, 1; Randy Wicker, “Psychiatric Exam Dropped for Tax Driver,” GAY, 9 Apr. 1973, 18. [B] [B]

 

4 October 1972: Gay Raiders zap of vice presidential candidate Sargent Shriver at Temple University in Philadelphia (2 participants). Primary sources: letter to the editor, Temple News, 10 Oct. 1972, 4; Greg Lee, Reflects on Super Sunday,” Drummer, 12 Oct. 1972, 4; “And Now A Word from Sargent Shriver,” The Advocate, 25 Oct. 1972, 1; “Controversy Surrounds Philadelphia Activist,” GAY, 29 Jan. 1973, 18; Larry McMullen, “Super Faggot,” Philadelphia Daily News, 13 Feb. 1973, 4; Randy Wicker, “The Wicker Report,” GAY, 18 June 1973, 4. [E] [U]

 

8 October 1972: GAA-NY demonstration at annual convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavioral Therapy at the Hilton Hotel (100 participants). Primary sources: “Therapy Scored by Homosexuals,” New York Times, 9 Oct. 1972, 32; “GAA Descends on Psychiatric Meet in Gotham,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 8. [B] [S]

 

20 October 1972: GAA-Philadelphia protest at Nixon campaign headquarters (11-15 participants). Primary sources: Judy Gring, “Girlfriends,” Temple News, 16 Oct. 1972, 3, 5; Joe O’Dowd, “Cops Straight Out 3 Gay Alliance Guys,” Philadelphia Daily News, 21 Oct. 1972, 4; Laura Murray, “Gay Activists Stage Protest inside Nixon Headquarters,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 21 Oct. 1972, 22; Elizabeth Duff, “Gays Chain Selves to Door,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 21 Oct. 1972, 12; Richard Rusinow, “Philadelphia GAA Zaps Nixon Office,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 3; “Target Was Nixon: He’s Angry,” The Advocate, 22 Nov. 1972, 3. [E]

 

28 October 1972: Gay rights march and rally at State Capitol in Lansing, Michigan (50 participants). Primary sources: “March and Rally,” Gay Liberator, Oct. 1972, 1; “Capital March,” Gay Liberator, Nov. 1972, 1; “Glimpses of a Year Gone By,” Gay Liberator, Jan. 1973, 11. [N]

 

1 November 1972: Gay Raiders zap at Nixon fundraiser at Philadelphia Civic Center Convention Hall (1 participant). Primary sources: “Not-So-Gay Bounce,” Philadelphia Daily News, 2 Nov. 1972, 1; Don Haskin, “Gay Raider Spices GOP Dinner,” Philadelphia Daily News, 2 Nov. 1972, 3; Dan Lynch, “‘Gay Raider’ Upsets GOP Fund Dinner,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 2 Nov. 1972, 35; “Target Was Nixon: He’s Angry,” The Advocate, 22 Nov. 1972, 3; “Nixon Zap ‘Inside Job,’” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 2; “Controversy Surrounds Philadelphia Activist,” GAY, 29 Jan. 1973, 18; Larry McMullen, “Super Faggot,” Philadelphia Daily News, 13 Feb. 1973, 4. [E]

 

8 November 1972: Lesbian Liberation Committee and GAA-NY dance-ins at Bandy’s, Salty Dog, and Barney Google’s (20 participants). Primary sources: “Women Lead 3 Bar Zaps in New York,” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 3, 17; “Singles Bars Targets for ‘Liberators,’” GAY, 12 Dec. 1972, 1, 6. [B]

 

4 November 1972: Gay Community Alliance march against police harassment in Hollywood (110 participants). Primary sources:  Randy Wicker, “Police Target of Protesters on 2 Coasts,” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 1, 14. [O]

 

11 November 1972: GAA-NY, Mattachine Society of New York, and Gay Alliance of Brooklyn demonstration at police headquarters (100 participants). Primary sources: Edward Hudson, “Protest Staged by Homosexuals,” New York Times, 12 Nov. 1972, 48; Randy Wicker, “Police Target of Protesters on 2 Coasts,” Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 1, 14; “N.Y. Activists Protest Police Harassment,” GAY, 11 Dec. 1972, 20, 23. [O]

 

2 December 1972: Gay Liberation/Arizona Desert demonstration against anti-trans discrimination at Stonewall Bar in Tucson (35 participants). Primary sources: “Tucson Pickets Hit Bar’s Dress Policies,” The Advocate, 3 Jan. 1973, 17. [B] [Q]

 

7 December 1972: GAA-NY zap at 162 Spring Street Bar (125 participants). Primary sources: “Gays Zap Bar Where Lesbian Was Arrested,” The Advocate, 3 Jan. 1973, 10. [B]

 

14 and 16 December 1972: GAA-NY zaps at home of NY City Council member Saul Sharison (100 and 300 participants). Primary sources: “N.Y. GAA Steps Up Efforts for Intro 475,” The Advocate, 17 Jan. 1973, 2, 18: “Reluctant N.Y. Councilman Again Target of Gays Seeking Action on Intro 475,” The Advocate, 17 Jan. 1973, 18. [E] [E]

 

December 1972: Demonstration against breach of contract for rental of Newman Hall by Regional Conference of Gay Organizations at Catholic cathedral in Sacramento. Primary sources: Freda Smith, “Gays Picket Catholic Church,” Lesbian Tide, Dec. 1972, 9, 10, 14. [R]

 

1973

 

20 January 1973: GAA-DC and other LGBT group participation in antiwar march (300 participants). Primary sources: Cade Ware and Perrin Shaffer, “Nation’s Last War Protest Includes Gays,” GAY, 12 Mar. 1973, 1, 4. [I]

 

20 January 1973: GLF-San Diego participation in antiwar march (50-100 participants). Primary sources: “San Diego Gays in Peace March,” The Advocate, 14 Feb. 1973, 9. [I]

 

29 January 1973: Gay Raiders zap at Independence Hall (3-4 participants). Primary sources: “‘Raider’ Unshackled at Independence Hall,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 29 Jan. 1973; “In a Gay Liberation Protest,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 30 Jan. 1973, 3C; “Gays Zap Bell’s Home,” The Advocate, 28 Feb. 1973, 28; “Activist Chains Self in Independence Hall,” GAY, 12 Mar. 1973, 8; “Tonight Show Zapped by Gay Raider,” The Advocate, 28 Mar. 1973, 3. [N]

 

5 February 1973: Threatened GAA-NY zap of the Jack Paar Show on ABC (leading to 8 March program with gay activists). Primary sources: Art Peters, “‘Gay Lib’ Jokes Are Hardly a Laughing Matter,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 26 Jan. 1973, D1; “Homosexual Group Gets Its Say on the Paar Show,” New York Times, 3 Feb. 1973, 59; “GAA Fights Media Oppression,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1973, 1; Gaylord, “Bits and Pieces,” Gay Scene, Mar. 1973, 9; “News Briefs,” Gay Activist, Apr. 1973, 1. [M]

 

16 February 1973: GAA-NY demonstration and sit-in against Marcus Welby, M.D. program on ABC (17-40 participants; 6 arrests). Primary sources: Albin Krebs, “‘Welby Is Scored by Gay Activists,” New York Times, 17 Feb. 1973, 6; “Gay Activists Win A.B.C. Concessions,” New York Times, 21 Feb. 1973, 87; “Marcus Welby Stands Pat,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, 2 Mar. 1973, 6; John J. Miller, “Memo from John J. Miller,” San Francisco Examiner, 4 Mar. 1973, 244; “Out of the Closet,” TIME 5 Mar. 1973, 80; Randy Wicker and Martin St. John, “TV Show Sets Off Steam,” The Advocate, 14 Mar. 1973, 1, 23; “GAA Fights Media Oppression,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1973, 1; “Judge Drops ABC Zap Charges,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 15; “News Briefs,” Gay Activist, Apr. 1973, 2. [M]

 

20 February 1973: LGBT demonstration against Marcus Welby, M.D. program at Los Angeles County Medical Association (25 participants). Primary sources: “Gays Call Marcus Welby ‘Sick,’” Lesbian Tide, Mar. 1973, 11. [M] [S]

 

27 February 1973: Gay Raiders “lock-in” to protest anti-LGBT discrimination at the Philadelphia United Fund (1 participant). Primary sources: “United Fund Staff Locked in Offices during Segal Zap,” The Advocate, 28 Mar. 1973, 3, 22; Randy Wicker, “The Wicker Report,” GAY, 18 June 1973, 4. [X]

 

3 March 1973: LGBT demonstration against anti-lesbian discrimination at Tiffany’s bar in Detroit (30 participants). Primary sources: “Zap!” Gay Liberator, Apr. 1973, 1; “Bits & Pieces,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1974, 6. [B] [Q]

 

6 March 1973: Gay Raiders zap of Johnny Carson and The Tonight Show on NBC in Burbank, California (1 participant, 1 arrest). Primary sources: “It’s A Washout for Gay Activist,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 14 Mar. 1973, B8; “Tonight Show Zapped by Gay Raider,” The Advocate, 28 Mar. 1973, 3; Randy Wicker, “The Wicker Report,” GAY, 18 June 1973, 4. [M]

 

12 March 1973: March and rally against police harassment and Hilton Hotels in San Francisco (15 participants). Primary sources: “S.F. Hilton Gets Taste of Broshears,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 15. [O] [B]

 

12-18 March 1973: GAA-Philadelphia demonstrations against sexism, racism, and anti-trans discrimination at the Steps. Primary sources: “Bar Pickets Charge Discrimination,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 24. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

 

13 March 1973: Gay Raiders zap at NBC Studios in Burbank, California (2 participants; 2 arrests). Primary sources: “2 Gays Arrested at NBC-Burbank,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 15; Randy Wicker, “The Wicker Report,” GAY, 18 June 1973, 4. [M]

 

4 April 1973: GAA-NY and Lesbian Liberation Committee dance-in at the Rainbow Grill (8 participants). Primary sources: “Bits and Pieces,” Gay Scene, Mar. 1973, 18; Earl Wilson, “Gay Lib Wins in A Waltz,” New York Daily News, 5 Apr. 1973, 30; Randy Wicker, “R.C.A.’s Rainbow Room Integrated,” GAY, 7 May 1973, 14, 15; “Gays Waltz in Rainbow Room,” Gay Scene, May 1973, 15. [B]

 

5 April 1973: GAA-DC sit-in at police headquarters (15 participants, 3 arrests). Primary sources: “3 Arrested in Sit-In Against D.C. Police,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 1; Cade Ware and Perrin Shaffer, “Activists Arrested in D.C. Police Office,” GAY, 21 May 1973, 17; “D.C. Trio Guilty without Sentence,” The Advocate, 7 Nov. 1973, 8. [O]

 

7 April 1973: Gay pride march in Cincinnati (50 participants). Primary sources: “Cincinnati Group Celebrates Pride Week with Parade,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 12. [P]

 

11 April 1973: LGBT zap at Western Psychological Association convention in Anaheim (2-5 participants). Primary sources: “Shock Device Booth Zapped at Conference,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 9. [S]

 

20 April 1973: Gay Alliance zap against Pacific Telephone and Telegraph in San Francisco. Primary sources: Gerald Hansen, “Telephone Company Warned by Activists,” GAY, 12 Feb. 1973, 1, 5; George Mendenhall, “Bans Gays, Gets Brotherhood Award,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 3; “Ma Bell Zapped in San Francisco,” The Advocate, 23 May 1973, 5. [B]

 

23 April 1973: Radical Women and GLF-Seattle demonstration at police headquarters against police violence (40-50 participants). Primary sources: “Police Beating of Gay Woman Triggers Protests in Seattle,” The Advocate, 6 June 1973, 10. [O]

 

27 April 1973: LGBT demonstration against antigay police harassment and entrapment at Detroit’s Traffic Court (20 participants). Primary sources: “Twenty People,” Gay Liberator, June 1973, 2. [O] [N]

 

30 April 1973: GAA-NY demonstration at City Council meeting (30 participants; 10 arrests). Primary sources: Edward Ranzal, “10 Gay Activists Are Seized in City Hall,” New York Times, 1 May 1973, 53. [N]

 

1 May 1973: LGBT zap against Pacific Telephone and Telegraph in San Francisco. Primary sources: “Ma Bell Zapped in San Francisco,” The Advocate, 23 May 1973, 5. [B]

 

3 May 1973: GAA-NY demonstration at Inner Circle dinner at Hilton Hotel (300-500 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Activists Say Police Hamper Protest Plan,” New York Times, 28 Feb. 1973, 83; “Remember the Inner Circle: 300 Picket This Year,” The Advocate, 28 Mar. 1973, 2; Leo Skir, “Return to the Inner Circle: A Year Later,” GAY, 9 Apr. 1973, 1, 12; “Police Ban on Pickets May Lead to Test Case,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 2; “News Briefs,” Gay Activist, Apr. 1973, 1; “The Outer Circle,” Gay Liberator, Apr. 1973, 3. [B] [M]

 

5 May 1973: Radical Woman and GLF-Seattle demonstration at home of Seattle police chief (60 participants). Primary sources: “Police Beating of Gay Woman Triggers Protests in Seattle,” The Advocate, 6 June 1973, 10. [O]

 

6 May 1973: Gay pride rally and march in Columbus (150 participants). Primary sources: “Plan Ahead,” Gay Liberator, Apr. 1973, 3; “Gay Pride Shorts,” Gay Liberator, July 1973, 4. [P]

 

7 May 1973: Gay Raiders zap of The Mike Douglas Show in Philadelphia (1 participant). Primary sources: Judy Bachrach, “Gay Interruption Saddens Douglas,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 8 May 1973, B4; Larry Fields, “Pacino, Weld Play House,” Philadelphia Daily News, 8 May 1973, 43; Richard A. Rusinow, “‘Raider’ Hits Mike Douglas Show,” GAY, 18 June 1973, 1; Randy Wicker, “The Wicker Report,” GAY, 18 June 1973, 4, 15; “Sneaky Segal Zaps Again!” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 3. [M]

 

20 May 1973: Illinois Gays for Legislation Action demonstration at 44^th Ward Assembly’s fundraising fair in Chicago (30 participants). Primary sources: “Chicago Rights Law Backers Hopeful,” The Advocate, 29 Aug. 1973, 7. [E]

 

26 May 1973: Gay Caucus of Youth Against War and Fascism demonstration against advice columnist Ann Landers at her Chicago home (27 participants). Primary sources: Larry Gulian, “Gays March on Ann Landers,” Chicago Gay Crusader, June 1973, 4. [M]

 

May 1973: Gay Students Association zap of University of Washington psychology class (7 participants). Primary sources: “Seattle Psychology Class Zapped,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 20. [U] [S]

 

4 June 1973: LGBT demonstrations at Ann Arbor City Council meetings and the homes of Republican City Council members before and after vote against gay pride week proclamation (60-70 participants). Primary sources: “City Council Zap,” Gay Liberator, July 1973, 1. [N] [E]

 

10 June 1973: Gay pride rally and march in Philadelphia (700-2000 participants). Primary sources: Larry Fields, “Schwartz Hedges Picket Fence,” Philadelphia Daily News, 6 June 1973, 57; “Police Shield Schwartz from ‘Gay for a Day’ Prize,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 7 June 1973, 51; Helen Blue, “Hundreds of Gay Libbers March in Midcity Parade,” Philadelphia Daily News, 11 June 1973, 12; Jack Booth, “Gay Lib Rally in Rittenhouse Square Turns Some On and Turns Some Off,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 11 June 1973, 9; Bunky Flagler, “Gays Celebrate with Pride,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 11 June 1973, B1; “Philly Parade Turnout Drops,” The Advocate, 4 July 1973, 3; “Celebration of Gay Life,” Gay Alternative (no. 4), c. July 1973, 36; Mathew Grande, “Philadelphia Gay Pride 1973,” Gay Alternative, c. Aug. 1973 (no. 5), 4-5, 31. [P]

 

16 June 1973: Gay pride parade in Boston (300 participants). Primary sources: Paul Kneeland, “300 Begin Gay Pride Week with Parade,” Boston Globe, 17 June 1973, 10; “New England Gay Pride Parade,” Boston Gayline, Aug. 1973, 4; Donald Stanley Meuse, “Working Together for Liberation,” Boston Gayline, Aug. 1973, 5. [P]

 

17 June 1973: Gay pride parades in Pittsburgh (60 participants) and “gay-in” in Berkeley (300 participants). Primary sources: “Gay-In Marks Pride Week in Berkeley,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 8; Paul Stavanger, “Ho Chi Minh Park Glows on Gay Day,” Berkeley Barb, 22 June 1973, 8; “Pittsburgh Paraders Fling Rusty Closet Doors Open,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 4. [P] [G]

 

23 June 1973: Gay pride parade in Atlanta (150 participants) and gay pride demonstration and rally in Portland, Oregon (50 people). Primary sources: “Georgians Plan Pride Week,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 13; Richard Fortune, “Atlanta Pride Week Enthusiastic, Eventful,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 4; “And Elsewhere,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1973, 1. [P] [P]

 

24 June 1973: Gay pride parades in Chicago (2,000-3,000 participants), Miami Beach, New York (3,000-20,000 participants), and San Francisco (2,000-40,000 participants). Primary sources: “San Francisco Parade: Yes, But Who’s on First?” The Advocate, 14 Mar. 1973, 9, 16; “‘72 S.F. Parade Organizers Trade Fund Misuse Charges,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 13; “Broshears to Solicit for Parade,” The Advocate, 25 Apr. 1973, 19; “Endorsements, Resignations for S.F. Parade Board,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 17; “Separate Celebrations Set: 2 Kinds of Gay Pride in S.F.?” The Advocate, 23 May 1973, 4; “Wider Support Appears for N.Y. Pride Celebration,” The Advocate, 23 May 1973, 3; John Paul Hudson, “New York Notes,” The Advocate, 23 May 1973, 26; “S.F. Parade Plans, Rivalry Both Grow,” The Advocate, 6 June 1973, 19; “Broshears’ Fete to Span Plaza,” The Advocate, 6 June 1973, 19; Thea Thunderthighs, “Bay Area to Bloom for Gay Pride Week,” Berkeley Barb, 8 June 1973, 11; “S.F. Pride Week Fair Permit Denied,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 7; “N.Y. Parade Planners Believe 20,000 May Turn Out June 24,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 3; “Christopher Street South Planned in Miami Beach,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 17; Arthur Evans, “Gay Pride Affirms Will to Resist,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 37; “Major Pride Celebration for Chicago,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 27; “Parade Places, Times,” Berkeley Barb, 22 June 1973, 8; John Darnton, “Homosexuals March Down 7^th Avenue,” New York Times, 25 June 1973, 21; “Thousands in Gay Lib Celebration,” New York Post, 25 June 1973; “A Sunny Gay Parade in the City,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 June 1973, 3; Arthur Bell, “Hostility Comes Out of the Closet,” Village Voice, 28 June 1973, 1, 16, 18; Richard Boxer, “Parade Points Way,” Berkeley Barb, 29 June 1973, 3; “History of Gay Pride Week,” Chicago Gay Crusader, June 1973, 2; “Announcing Gay Pride Week 1973,” Chicago Gay Crusader, June 1973, 1; “Optimism High for S.F. Fetes,” The Advocate, 4 July 1973, 16; “Miami Parade Gets Rained Out,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 4; Gerald Hansen, “Color, Joy in San Francisco,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 3, 24; “NYC Area Celebrates Many Ways,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 19; Randy Wicker, “Gays Pour Through New York,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 3, 5; Don Dunfee, “3000 Brave Heat for Chicago Pride Parade,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 6, 19; “Gay Glory 1973,” Chicago Gay Crusader, July 1973, 1, 4, 10, 14; “In Chicago Gay Pride 1973,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, July 1973, 4-5; “Behind the Lines on Gay Pride Sunday,” GAY, Aug. 1973, 3; “Gay Day 73!” GAY, Aug. 1973, 12-13; “NYC Gay Pride,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1973, 4; Karla Jay, “The Decline and Fall of an Idealist or Why Ain’t I Marching Anymore,” Lesbian Tide, Aug. 1973, 10, 23-25; “Drags & TV’s Join the March,” Drag (3.11), c. Aug. 1973, 4-11, 44; Bob McCarroll, letter to the editor, Drag (3.11), c. Aug. 1973, 40; Dan Sherbo, “The Alternative Rap,” Gay Alternative, c. Aug. 1973 (no. 5), 3; “Chicago Gay Pride March,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1973, 5; Sara Thompson, “Politics of Drag,” Lavender Woman, Aug. 1973, 13; “NYC Gay Pride,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1973, 1; “Gay Parade,” Gay Activist, Oct. 1973. [P] [P] [P] [P]

 

29 June 1973: Lesbian Pride demonstration at the Ann Arbor Public Library and Gay Pride march from Michigan Union to Ann Arbor City Hall. Primary sources: “Lesbian Pride/Gay Pride,” Gay Liberator, July 1973, 4. [N] [P]

 

30 June 1973: Gay pride parades in Dallas (200-1200 participants), Detroit (200 participants), and Minneapolis (100 participants). Primary sources: “Dallas Law Won’t Stop Gays,” The Advocate, 14 Feb. 1973, 17; “Michigan Gay Pride Week ’73,” Gay Liberator, Apr. 1973, 11; “Okies to Join Dallas Parade on June 30,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 17; “The Christopher Street Story,” Gay Liberator, June 1973, 1; “Michigan Gay Pride Week,” Gay Liberator, June 1973, 12-13; “Lesbian Pride/Gay Pride,” Gay Liberator, July 1973, 4; Rob Shivers, “Not So Big D,” The Advocate, 1 Aug. 1973, 3; “Minneapolis Rally Hears School Chief,” The Advocate, 1 Aug. 1973, 3; Don Gaudard, “Taking Our Rights,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1973, 10-11; Rachele Fruit, “Red, Gay & Proud,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1973, 10-11; Don Mager, “Revolutions Begin Within,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1973, 10-11. [P] [P] [P]

 

7 July 1973: Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance demonstration against media censorship and employment discrimination at Atlanta Journal Constitution (15 participants). Primary sources: “Atlanta Lesbians Picket Paper,” The Advocate, 1 Aug. 1973, 2. [M]

 

17 July 1973: GAA-SF demonstration against Pacific Telephone employment discrimination at California Public Utilities Commission (15 participants). Primary sources: “‘Zapping’ the Utilities,” San Francisco Chronicle, 18 July 1973, 5. [B] [N]

 

18-27 July 1973: First in a series of six Minnesota Gay Activists demonstrations against employment discrimination at Northwestern Bell Telephone in Minneapolis (6-20 participants). Primary sources: “Battle of Ma Bell Spreads to Minnesota,” The Advocate, 29 Aug. 1973, 14. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B]

 

26 July 1973: LGBT demonstration at screening of The Boys in the Band at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (12 participants). Primary source: “Battling ‘Boys in the Band,’” Gay Liberator, Sep. 1973, 1. [M] [U]

 

2 August 1973: Minnesota Gay Activists demonstrations against employment discrimination at Northwestern Bell Telephone in St. Paul (12 participants). Primary sources: “Battle of Ma Bell Spreads to Minnesota,” The Advocate, 29 Aug. 1973, 14. [B]

 

9 August 1973: Gay Activists Alliance march and demonstration against police harassment in New York (300 participants). Primary sources: Steven R. Weisman, “Homosexuals Get Police Promises,” New York Times, 10 Aug. 1973, 35; “Gotham Cops To Be Nicer(!),” The Advocate, 12 Sept. 1973, 3; “Village Crackdown Whiplashes Gays,” The Advocate, 26 Sept. 1973, 3. [O]

 

26 August 1973: Lesbian Feminist Liberation demonstration against sexism at the Museum of Natural History in New York (100 participants). Primary sources: John Darnton, “Rallies Muted as Women End Suffrage Celebration,” New York Times, 27 Aug. 1973, 59; Vittoria Repetto, “Women’s Day: Lavender Dinosaur Was A Ms.,” The Advocate, 26 Sep. 1973, 2; “Zapping the Intellectual Wing of the Oppressive Bird Brain Establishment,” Sisters, Sep. 1973, 12; Judy Burns and Robyn Lutzky, “LFL Zaps Museum of Natural History,” The Lesbian Feminist, Oct. 1973, 1, 2, 6, 7. [M] [S]

 

4 October 1973: LGBT demonstration against police harassment in Los Angeles (40 participants). Primary sources: “Angry Gays March on Hollywood Cops,” The Advocate, 24 Oct. 1973, 3. [O]

 

9 October 1973: Gay Raiders demonstration at District Attorney’s office in Philadelphia City Hall (12-15 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Raiders Strike D.A.,” Philadelphia Daily News, 10 Oct. 1973, 29; “Specter Says He Backs Rights of Gay People,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 10 Oct. 1973; “District Attorney Arlen Specter,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 10 Oct. 1973, B2; “Gay Raiders Storm,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 20 Oct. 1973. [E] [N]

 

14 October 1973: Gay Awareness Women’s Kollective demonstration against Rubaiyst bar/restaurant in Ann Arbor. Primary sources: “Lesbian Attacked; Hit City for Inaction,” Gay Liberator, Nov. 1973, 2; “Protest Closes Council,” Gay Liberator, Apr. 1974, 1. [B]

 

20 October 1973: National Lesbian Kiss-In at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (100 participants). Primary sources: “Lesbian Kiss-In Last Saturday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 26 Oct. 1973, 26; “Women at Kiss-In,” Sisters, Nov. 1973, cover and 1; Joannie Millard, “First Nat’l Lesbian Kiss-In,” Lesbian Tide, Dec. 1973, 3-4. [M]

 

26 October 1973: United Front of Gay Organizations protests against Sanford and Son program at Merchandise Mart in Chicago (30 participants). Primary sources: “Activists in Lather over NBC Slurs,” The Advocate, 21 Nov. 1973, 3; “Gays Zap NBC and Gillette,” Chicago Gay Crusader, Nov. 1973, 1, 6; Bruce Meisner, “Briefs,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Dec. 1973, 9: “Media Images,” Gay Liberator, Feb. 1974, 2. [M] [B]

 

26 October 1973: Gay Raiders protest against Sanford and Son program on NBC Today program in New York (1 participant). Primary sources: Les Brown, “N.B.C. Acts after Complaints by Homosexual Organizations,” New York Times, 27 Oct.1973, 63; “NBC-TV to Consult ‘Gays’ on Programming after Raid,” Philadelphia Daily News, 27 Oct. 1973, 20; “Gay Philadelphian Invades ‘Today’ Set,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 27 Oct. 1973, B1; “Activists in Lather over NBC Slurs,” The Advocate, 21 Nov. 1973, 3; “Gays Zap NBC and Gillette,” Chicago Gay Crusader, Nov. 1973, 1, 6; “Gays Zap Media—And Each Other, Too,” The Advocate, 5 Dec. 1973, 4, 10; Bruce Meisner, “Briefs,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Dec. 1973, 9: “Media Images,” Gay Liberator, Feb. 1974, 2. [M]

 

27 October 1973: Threatened GAA-NY zap of the Dick Cavett Show (followed by gay program on 27 November). Primary sources: “Gays to Be on Cavett Show,” Los Angeles Advocate, 25 Nov. 1970, 5. [M]

 

October 1973: LGBT protest against police harassment at Griffith Park in Los Angeles (30 participants). Primary sources: Doug Sarff, “‘Gay Patrol’ Helps L.A. Cops Guard Mother Nature,” The Advocate, 7 Nov. 1973, 3, 27. [O]

 

4 November 1973: Gays for Political Action and Youth Against War and Fascism Gay Caucus march to Rochester City Hall (24 participants). Primary sources: “Gays Demonstrate, Rap in Rochester,” The Advocate, 5 Dec. 1973, 17. [N]

 

21 November 1973: Gay Media Task Force demonstration against Los Angeles premier of So Long, Blue Boy (30 participants). Primary sources: “Media Task Force Pickets One Film, Eyes Fox Release,” The Advocate, 19 Dec. 1973, 4, 9. [M]

 

30 November 1973: Lesbian Feminist Liberation zap of the Dick Cavett Show in New York (25 participants). Primary sources: Lin Farley, “Gilder Gelded,” Lesbian Feminist, Dec. 1973, 1, 2; “Lesbians Zap Cavett Show: Ashes for an Anti-Gay Lib Author,” The Advocate, 2 Jan. 1974, 5; “Lesbian Feminists Protest on Cavett Show,” Sister, Jan. 1974, 4; Karla Jay, “Lesbians Zap Dick Cavett,” Lesbian Tide, Jan. 1974, 3; Elaine Loferty, letter to the editor, Sister, Feb. 1974, 7. [M]

 

9 December 1973: Inside-Out and Join Hands march to protest mistreatment of LGBT prisoners in San Francisco (100 participants). Primary sources: “Demonstrators Ask Gay Inmate Reforms,” The Advocate, 2 Jan. 1974, 10; “Gay Prison March & Rally,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1974, 3; “March for Prisoner Rights,” Gay Liberator, Mar. 1974, 3. [J]

 

11 December 1973: Inside-Out and Join Hands march to protest mistreatment of LGBT prisoners in Sacramento (30-40 participants). Primary sources: “Demonstrators Ask Gay Inmate Reforms,” The Advocate, 2 Jan. 1974, 10; “March for Prisoner Rights," Gay Liberator, Mar. 1974, 3. [J]

 

11 December 1973: Gay Raiders zap of The CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite in New York (2 participants, 2 arrests). Primary sources: “Battler for Gay Rights Makes Cronkite Show,” Philadelphia Daily News, 12 Dec. 1973, 3; “2 Protesting Gay Raiders Surprise Cronkite on Air,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 12 Dec. 1973, B9; “‘Gay Raiders’ Invade Cronkite News Show,” New York Times, 12 Dec. 1973, 94; “Homosexual Protester Interrupts Cronkite Show,” Boston Globe, 12 Dec. 1973, 20; Joe Kennedy, “Raiders Pull Quick Opener on Cronkite,” The Advocate, 2 Jan. 1974, 2, 12; Larry Fields, “Jack (Kelly), Be Nimble,” Philadelphia Daily News, 14 Jan. 1974, 23; “Cronkite Called for Defense in ‘Zap’ Trial of Gay Raiders,” The Advocate, 13 Feb. 1974, 2; Richard Pfeiffer, “This Month,” Chicago Gay Crusader, Feb. 1974, 4; “CBS Newsman: We Deserve Zaps,” The Advocate, 27 Feb. 1974, 14; Larry Fields, “Big-Money Bingo Coming,” Philadelphia Daily News, 26 Mar. 1974, 43; “The Scene,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 10 Apr. 1974, 36; “Segal, Langhorne—Guilty!,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 5 July 1974, 1; Tommi, “Contribute to Gay Raider’s Defense Fund,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 26 July 1974, 2; “Two Flags: Segal and Cronkite,” Drummer, 27 Aug. 1974, 3; “Gay Raiders Guilty for the Cronkite Zap,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 13; “‘Morally Right, Legally Wrong,’” The Advocate, 28 Aug. 1974, 4; “2 ‘Gay Raiders’ Fined For Television Protest,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 5 Sep. 1974, D2. [M]

 

21 December 1973: Gays Against Media Bigotry picket of The Laughing Policeman at Cinema 21 in San Francisco. Primary sources: “San Francisco Chief Agrees with Gays: Fox Movie 'Offensive,’” The Advocate, 16 Jan. 1974, 3, 35; George Mendenhall, “Gay Rage Puzzles Police Film Co-Star,” The Advocate, 16 Jan. 1974, 3, 35. [M]

 

December 1973: Rev. Broshears-led picket of San Francisco Police Department benefit showing of The Laughing Policeman at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco (20 participants). Primary sources: R. B. Bumpus, “From the Mailbag,” Bay Area Reporter, 9 Jan. 1974, 8; “San Francisco Chief Agrees with Gays: Fox Movie 'Offensive,’” The Advocate, 16 Jan. 1974, 3, 35. [M]