TREATMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY: adapted from Jonathan [Ned] Katz, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S. A. (1976) and other sources. First published on OutHistory August 25, 2020.

1866-08-00 Buck, M.D., W. D. "A Raid on the Uterus," New York Medical Journal, vol. 5 [Aug. 1866], p. 464). One of the strangest treatment documents meriting further research is an extract from an address in 1866 by Dr. W. D. Buck, President of the New Hampshire State Medical Society: "A distinguished surgeon in New York City, twenty-five years ago [1841], said, when [Guillaume] Dupuytren's operation for relaxation of the sphincter ani was in vogue, every young man who came from Paris found every other individual's anus too large, and proceeded to pucker it up. The result was that New York anuses looked like gimlet-holes in a piece of pork." Buck goes on to say that the uterus, also, is being subjected to "surgical operations, and is now-a-days subject to all sorts of barbarity from surgeons anxious for notoriety." His last statement is aimed at primitive abortion and birth control measures. Buck was President of the New Hampshire State Medical Society. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1884-05-00  Kiernan, James G.,  "Insanity. Lecture XXVI., no. 11 (May 1884), p. 483-84 on "Perversion," Detroit Lancet, vol. 7, MISSING PAGES. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1889-00-00  Kopp, Marie E., "Surgical Treatment as Sex Crime Prevention Measure," Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, vol. 28 [Jan.-Feb. 1938], p. 687 says that between 1889 and 1907 Dr. Sharp of the State Reformatory for Delinquent Boys at Jefferson, Indiana, performed "several hundred" vasectomies. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1889-09-14  Lydston, Frank. "Sexual Perversion, Satyriasis and Nymphomania," Medical and Surgical Reporter [Phila.], vol. 61, no. 11 [Sept. 14, 1889], see p. 285. Frank Lydston had delivered at the Chicago College of Physicians and Surgeons. Although he discusses male and female homosexuality, Lydston makes no specific recommendation for treatment. But since he links homosexuality with satyriasis and nymphomania, there is an unspoken suggestion that it should be similarly treated; for the two "perversions" of which he speaks Lydston suggests "removal of irritation of the sexual apparatus," "anaphrodisiac remedies," "attempts to restrain sexual excesses, or to break the habit of masturbation." But if the "disease" is organic, it is probably incurable and requires more radical treatment: "In women, extirpation of the ovaries, or the procedure of Mr. Baker Brown—clitoridectomy—may be performed. Howe recommends the application of the actual cautery to the back of the neck. Basing this treatment upon the theory that the disease takes its origin in over-excitation of the nerve fibres of the cerebellum or some of the ganglia in the neighborhood, he also suggests blisters and setons to answer the same purpose. Dry cupping to the nucha is also serviceable. Means to restore the general health are always indicated. In the severe cases of the maniacal form of excessive sexual desire the asylum is usually our only recourse." Tag: Medical Treatment.

1893-00-00  Krafft-Ebing, R. von. Psychopathia Sexualis, with Special Reference to Contrary Sexual Instinct. A Medico-Legal Study. Authorized trans, of the 7th enlarged and rev. German ed. by Charles Gilbert Chaddock (Phila.: F. A. Davis, 1893). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1893-02-04  "Removal of the Ovaries as a Therapeutic Measure in Public Institutions for the Insane," Journal of the American Medical Association (Chicago), Feb. 4, 1893, p. 135-37. Dr. Price mentioned: p. 136-37. Also see "Domestic Correspondence," same, Feb. 18, 1893, p. 182-83. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1893-08-00  Daniel, F. E. "Castration of Sexual Perverts," Texas Medical Journal (Austin), Aug. 1893, p. 255-71; reprint; Texas Medical Journal (Austin), vol. l?, no. 10 (April 1912) p. 371-72, 376-81. A note (p. 369) adds: "Under the title, 'Should Insane Criminals or Sexual Perverts be Permitted to Procreate?' this paper was read at the Joint Session of the World's Columbian Auxiliary Congress—Section of Medical Jurisprudence—and the International Medico-Legal Congress, August 16th, 1893, and also before the American Medico-Legal Society, New York, October 11th, 1S93. and published in the 'Medico-Legal Journal' for December, and in the 'Psychological Bulletin,' New York." Dr. Daniel is identified in the 1912 reprint as the editor of the Texas Medical Journal. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1893-08-16  Daniel, F. E. “Should Insane Criminals or Sexual Perverts be Permitted to Procreate?” paper read at the Joint Session of the World's Columbian Auxiliary Congress—Section of Medical Jurisprudence—and the International Medico-Legal Congress, August 16th, 1893. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1893-10-11  Daniel, F. E. “Should Insane Criminals or Sexual Perverts be Permitted to Procreate?” paper read at the American Medico-Legal Society, New York, October 11, 1893. and published in the 'Medico-Legal Journal' for December, and in the 'Psychological Bulletin,' New York." Dr. Daniel is identified in the 1912 reprint as the editor of the Texas Medical Journal. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1894-06-00  Kiernan, James G. "Psychical Treatment of Congenital Sexual Inversion," Review of Insanity and Nervous Disease (Milwaukee, Wis.), vol. 4, no. 4 (June 1894), p. 295-MISSING PAGES Tag: Medical Treatment.

1895-00-00 (year approximate)  Pilcher, F. Hoyt, head of a Kansas institution for the feeble-minded, had four boys and fourteen girls castrated in the mid-1890s without legal authority. It was explained in his defense that castration would prevent "excessive masturbation and pervert [sic] sexual acts". Public outcry stopped further castration; cited by Arno Karlen, Sexuality and Homosexuality; A New View [N.Y.: Norton, 1971], p. 332). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1895-04-00  Ellis, Havelock. "Sexual Inversion in Women," Alienist and Neurologist (St. Louis, Mo.), vol. 16, no. 2 (April 1895), especially p. 158. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1895-3-00  Raffalovich, Marc Andre, "Uranism, Congenital Sexual Inversion. Observations and Recommendations . . ." trans. C. Judson Herrick, Journal of Comparative Neurology (Granville, Ohio), vol. 5 (March 1895), p. 33-34, 36-37, 42, 52. Background on Raffalovich is in Timothy d'Arch Smith, Love in Earnest; Some Notes on the Lives and Writings of English 'Uranian' Poets from 1889 to 1930 (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1970), p. 29-34, 53, 77, 107, 153, 186, 249 and Brian Reade, ed., Sexual Heretics; Male Homosexuality in English Literature from 1850 to 1 900 (N.Y.: Coward-McCann, 1970, especially p. 32-35. 38, 40, 50, 53). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1896-04-00  Talbot, E. S., and Havelock Ellis, "A Case of Developmental Degenerative Insanity, with Sexual Inversion, Melancholia, Following Removal of Testicles, Attempted Murder and Suicide," Journal of Mental Science (London), vol. 42, no. 177, new serial no. 141 (April 1896), p. 341-44 (i.e., 346, erroneous pagination in original); cited in Havelock Ellis, and John Addington Symonds, Sexual Inversion (London: Wilson and Macmillan, 1897; photo reprint, N.Y.: Arno, 1975), p. 73. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1896-07-00  Ellis, Havelock, "A Note on the Treatment of Sexual Inversion," Alienist and Neurologist (St. Louis, Mo.), vol. 17 (July 1896), p. 258-59. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1897-00-00  Ellis, Havelock, and John Addington Symonds, Sexual Inversion (London: Wilson and Macmillan, 1897; photo reprint, N.Y.: Arno, 1975), especially p. 73. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1897-00-00  Havelock Ellis, and John Addington Symonds, Sexual Inversion (London: Wilson and Macmillan, 1897; photo reprint, N.Y.: Arno, 1975). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1899-00-00  Quackenbos, John Duncan. "Hypnotic Suggestion in the Treatment of Sexual Perversions and Moral Anaesthesia: A Personal Experience," Transactions of the New Hampshire Medical Society (Concord), 1899, especially p. 69, 72, 75, 78-80. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1900-00-00  Sharp, Harry Clay, "The Sterilization of Degenerates," Indiana Board of State Charities (National Christian League for Promotion of Purity, 1908), p. 1-2, 6. Reprint of a paper read before the American Prison Association, Chicago, 1909; in N.Y. Public Library Research Division. PROBLEM IN DATING, juxtaposition of years? Tag: Medical Treatment.

1904-00-00  Goodell, C. E. "Suggestive Therapy in Sexual Perversion," American Journal of Dermatology and Genito-Urinary Disease (St. Louis, Mo.), vol. 8 (1904), p. 104-06. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1904-00-00  Kraft-Ebbing, R. von. Text Book of Insanity (Phila.: F. A. Davis, 1904). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1904-02-01  Anonymous, "The Gentleman Degenerate. A Homosexualist's Self-Description and Self- Applied Title. Pudic Nerve Section Fails Therapeutically," Alienist and Neurologist (St. Louis, Mo.), vol. 25, no. 1 (Feb. 1, 1904), p. 68-70. The editor of this journal, Dr. Charles H. Hughes of St. Louis, may be the anonymous physician-author of this piece.  Tag: Medical Treatment.

1908-00-00  Mayne, Xavier (pseud. of Edward I. Prime Stevenson). The Intersexes; A History of Similisexualism as a Problem in Social Life ([Naples?:] Privately printed [R. Rispoli, 1908?]; photo reprint, N.Y.: Arno, 1975), p. 119-22, 549. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1908-00-00  Sharp, Harry Clay, "The Sterilization of Degenerates," Indiana Board of State Charities (National Christian League for Promotion of Purity, 1908), p. 1-2, 6. Reprint of a paper read before the American Prison Association, Chicago, 1909; in N.Y. Public Library Research Division. PROBLEM IN DATING, juxtaposition of years? Tag: Medical Treatment.

1909-00-00  Sharp, Henry Clay, "Human Sterilization," Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 4, no. 12 (1909), PAGES MISSING. ? Tag: Medical Treatment.

1910-00-00  Goodell, C. E. "Sexual Perversion, Its Effects and Its Treatment," Medical Era (St. Louis, Mo.), vol. 19 (1910), p. 499-502. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1911-00-00  Cave, F. C., "Report of Sterilization in the Kansas State Home for Feeble-minded," Journal of Psycho-Asthenics, vol. 15 [1911], p. 123-25; In the mid-1890s, F. Hoyt Pilcher, the head of a Kansas institution for the feeble-minded, had four boys and fourteen girls castrated without legal authority. It was explained in his defense that castration would prevent "excessive masturbation and pervert [sic] sexual acts". Public outcry stopped further castration; cited by Arno Karlen, Sexuality and Homosexuality; A New View [N.Y.: Norton, 1971], p. 332). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1912-04 06  Lydston, G. F. "Sex Mutilations in Social Therapeutics, With Some of the Difficulties in the Application of Eugenics to the Human Race," New York Medical Journal, April 6, 1912. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1912-04-00  Daniel, F. E. "Castration of Sexual Perverts," Texas Medical Journal (Austin), Aug. 1893, p. 255-71; reprint; Texas Medical Journal (Austin), vol. l?, no. 10 (April 1912) p. 371-72, 376-81. Tag: Medical Treatment. 

1913-03-22  Coriat, Isador. "Homosexuality. Its Psychogenesis and Treatment," New York Medical Journal, vol. 97, no. 12 (March 22, 1913 ), p. 589-94. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1914-00-00  Hirschfeld, Magnus. "Adaptionsbehandlung (Anpassungstherapie) der Homosexualitat," ch. 23, p. 439-61 in Die Homosexualitat des Mannes und des Weibes, 2nd ed. (Berlin: Louis Marcus, 1920). The same chapter appears in the first, 1914, edition. I wish to thank Richard Plant for this translation. Another translation, by Henry Gerber, the American homosexual rights pioneer, appears in ONE Institute Quarterly (Los Angeles), vol. 5, nos. 2-3-4, issue 17 (Spring, Summer, Fall 1962). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1914-00-00  Hughes, Charles H. "An Emasculated Homo-sexual. His Antecedent and Post-Operative Life," Alienist and Neurologist (St. Louis, Mo.), vol. 35 (1914), p. 277-80.

1916-01-00  Oberhoffer, Emit."The Influence of Castration on the Libido," American Journal of Urology and Sexology, vol. 12 (Jan.-Dec. 1916), p. 58-60. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1918-00-00  Lind, Earl.  Autobiography of an Androgyne, ed. with an intro. by Alfred W. Herzog (N.Y.: Medico-Legal Press, 1918; photo reprint, N.Y.: Arno, 1975), p. 41-42, 74, 197-201, 230 (on his castration). Tags: medical treatment; transgender

1920-00-00  Freud, Sigmund.  "The Psychogenesis of a Case of Female Homosexuality," International Journal of Psycho-Analysis (London), vol. 1, no. 2 (1920), especially p. 125-49. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1920-00-00  Hirschfeld, Magnus. "Adaptionsbehandlung (Anpassungstherapie) der Homosexualitat," ch. 23, p. 439-61 in Die Homosexualitat des Mannes und des Weibes, 2nd ed. (Berlin: Louis Marcus, 1920). The same chapter appears in the first, 1914, edition. I wish to thank Richard Plant for this translation. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1920-03-00  Barr, Martin W. "Some Notes on Asexualization; with a Report of Eighteen Cases" (includes references to females) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (Lan-caster, Pa.), vol. 51, no. 3 (March 1920), p. 231-41. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1920-10-00  Gilbert, J. A. "Homosexuality and Its Treatment," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (Lancaster. Pa.), vol. 52. no. 4 (Oct. 1920), p. 297-322. Tags: Alberta Lucille/Alan Hart; Medical Treatment; transgender.

1922-00-00  Lind, Earl. The Female Impersonators . . ., ed. with intro. by Alfred W. Herzog (N.Y.: Medico-Legal Press, 1922; photo reprint, N.Y.: Arno, 1975), p. 16, 67. Tags: Medical Treatment; Transgender

1923-00-00  Kahn, Samuel. A Study of Homosexuals and Their Education in the New York Correction Hospitals, M. A. thesis, N.Y. University School of Education, 1923, 149 p. 27. Tag: Medical Treatment. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1930-10-00  Stekel, Wilhelm. "Is Homosexuality Curable?" trans. Bertrand S. Frohman, Psychoanalytic Review, vol. 17 (Oct. 1930), p. 443, 447-48. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1931-00-00  Moll, Albert. Perversions of the Sex Instinct (Newark, N.J.: Julian Press, I93I).

1932-10-00  Deutsch, Helene,  "On Female Homosexuality," authorized trans. Edith B. Jackson, Psychoanalytic Quarterly (N.Y.), vol. I (Oct. 1932). P- 484-88, 490-91. Another translation: "Homosexuality in Women," International Journal of Psychoanalysis (Lon- don), vol. 14 (1933). P 34-56. Nicholas Deutsch, interviewed by Jonathan Katz, N.Y.C., Oct. 17, 1974. 

1933-00-00  Potter, La Forest. Strange Loves: A Study in Sexual Abnormalities (N.Y.: Robert Dodsley, 1933), p. 118-19, 147, 161-62, 236-37. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1933-00-00 Riedner, K. "Cure of Homosexuals," Sexology (N.Y.), vol. 1 (1933), p. 490-92. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1934-01-00  Bien, Ernest.  "Why Do Homosexuals Undergo Treatment?," Anthropos (N.Y.), vol. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 1934), p. 5-18; also in Medical Review of Reviews, vol. 40, no. 1 (Jan. 1934), p. 18-51 (includes Lesbian references). Tag: Lesbian; Medical Treatment.

1935-00-00  Brill, A. "The Psychiatric Approach to the Problem of Homosexuality," Psychiatric Association and Student Health Association, vol. 15 (1934), p. 31-34; reprinted in Journal Lancet, vol. 55 (1935), p. 249-52. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1935-00-00  Max, Louis William. "Breaking Up a Homosexual Fixation by the Condition Reaction Technique: A Case Study," Psychological Bulletin (Washington, D.C.), vol. 32 (1935), p. 734. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1935-00-00  Sprague, George S. "Varieties of Homosexual Manifestations," with discussion by Karl A. Menninger, Isador H. Coriat, Charles I. Lambert, Ernest M. Poate, and S. W. Hartwell, 1935; reprinted in The Homosexuals As Seen by Themselves and Thirty Authorities, ed. A. M. Krich, p. 174-87 (N.Y.: Citadel, 1954). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1935-00-00  Sprague, George S. "Varieties of Homosexual Manifestations," with discussion by Karl A. Menninger, Isador H. Coriat, Charles I. Lambert, Ernest M. Poate, and S. W. Hartwell, 1935; reprinted in The Homosexuals As Seen by Themselves and Thirty Authorities, ed. A. M. Krich, p. 174-87 (N.Y.: Citadel, 1954). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1935-0700  Hackfield, W. "Ameliorative Effects of Therapeutic Castration on Habitual Sex Offenders," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, vol. 82, no. 1 (July 1935), p. 15-29; no. 2 (Aug. 1935), p. 169-81.

1935-080-02  Brill, A. A. "The Conception of Homosexuality," Journal of the American Medical Association (Chicago), vol. 61 (Aug. 2, 1913 ), p. 335-40. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1938-00-00  Henry, George W. Essentials of Psychiatry (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1938). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1938-02-00:  Kopp, Marie E. "Surgical Treatment as Sex Crime Prevention Measure," Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, vol. 28 (Jan.-Feb. 1938), p. 692-706. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1939-00-00 "Criminal Law, Sex Offenders, Civil Commitment for Psychiatric Treatment," Columbia Law Review, vol. 39 (1939). p. 534-44. Tag: Medical Treatment.

194-00-00  Liebman, Samuel. "Homosexuality, Transvestism, and Psychosis: Study of a Case Treated with Electroshock," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (N.Y. ), vol. 99, no. 6 ( 1944), p. 945-47. 950-53. 957. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1940-00-00  Barahal, Hyman S. "Testosterone in Psychotic Male Homosexuals," Psychiatric Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 2 (1940), p. 319-30. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1940-00-00  Owensby, Newdigate M. "Homosexuality and Lesbianism Treated with Metrazol," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (N.Y.), vol. 92, no. 1 (1940), p.65-66. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1941-00-00  Owensby, Newdigate M. "The Correction of Homosexuality," Urologic and Cutaneous Review (St. Louis, Mo.), vol. 45, no. 8 (1941), p. 495-96. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1941-00-00  Rosenzweig, Saul, and R. G. Hoskins, "A Note on the Ineffectualness of Sex-Hormone Medication in a Case of Pronounced Homosexuality," Psychosomatic Medi-cine (N.Y.), vol. 3, no. 1 (1941), p. 87-89. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1942-07-00  Banay, Ralph S., and L. Davidoff, "Apparent Recovery of a Sex Psychopath after Lobotomy," Journal of Criminal Psychopathology (N.Y.), vol. 4, no. 1 (July 1942), p. 59-66. Here the doctors report that after lobotomy the patient's masturbation stopped, he became "complacent" and "tranquil," and "showed no sign of conflict with his environment." He "remained courteous, meek, obliging and attentive." The doctors conclude that lobotomy "might be a new and important development." A psychological dynamic here, unrecognized by the doctors, is a masochistic subject asking for a lobotomy, and the sadistic physicians obliging. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1943-00-00  Bergler, Edmund, "Suppositions about the Mechanism of Criminosis," Journal of Criminal Psychopathology, vol. 5 (1943), p. 215-46 (especially case 4, p. 235). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1944-00-00  Bergler, Edmund, "Eight Prerequisites for the Psychoanalytic Treatment of Homosexuality," Psychoanalytic Review (N.Y.), vol. 31 (1944); see especially p. 255, 260, 266, 268-69, 277-79. 281-86. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1944-00-00  Glass, J., and Roswell H. Johnson.  "Limitations and Complications of Organo-therapy in Male Homosexuality," Journal of Clinical Endocrinology (Phila.), vol. 4, no. 11 (1944), p. 541-43. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1945-00-00  Moore, Thomas V. "The Pathogenesis and Treatment of Homosexual Disorders: A Digest of Some Pertinent Evidence," Journal of Personality (Durham, N.C.), vol. 14 (1945), p. 57, p. 72-73. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1948-00-00  Friedlander, Joseph, and Ralph S. Banay, "Psychosis Following Lobotomy in a Case of Sexual Psychopathology; Report of a Case," Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry (Chicago), vol. 59 (1948), p. 303-11, 315, 321. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1949-06-00  Thompson, George N. "Electroshock and Other Therapeutic Considerations in Sexual Psychopathology," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (N.Y.), vol. 109, no. 6 (June 1949). P- 531-39. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1951-00-00  Sigmund, Freud. "Letter to An American Mother," American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 107 (1951), p. 786-87; various reprints; he answers an American mother who had written to him about treating her homosexual son. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1951-10-00  Cory, Donald Webster (pseud. of Edward Sagarin), "Can Homosexuality Be Cured?," Sexology, vol. 18 (Oct. 1951), p. 146-56 (an important early American homosexual emancipation movement statement. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1952-03-00  Bowman, Karl M. "Sexual Deviation Research," California Assembly Judiciary Subcommittee on Sex Research, March 1952. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1953-00-00  Bowman, Karl M., and Bernice Engle, "The Problem of Homosexuality," Journal of Social Hygiene (N.Y.? ), vol. 39, no. 1 (1953), p. 10. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1953-00-00  Harms, Ernest. "Homo-Anonymous," Diseases of the Nervous System (Memphis, TN), vol. 14, no. 10 (1953), p. 318-19. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1954-00-00  Brody, Morris Wolfe. "An Analysis of the Psychosexual Development of a Female: With Special Reference to Homosexuality," Psychoanalytic Review, vol. 30, no. 1 (1943), p. 47-58; reprinted as "Psychosexual Development of a Female" in The Homosexuals As Seen By Themselves and Thirty Authorities, ed. A. M. Krich, p. 312-24 (N.Y.: Citadel, 1954). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1954-00-00  Krich, A. M., ed., The Homosexuals As Seen by Themselves and Thirty Authorities, ed. , p. 174-87 (N.Y.: Citadel, 1954). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1954-00-00  Srnec, J., and Kurt Freund, "Treatment of Male Homosexuality through Conditioning," International Journal of Sexology (Bombay), vol. 7, no. 2 (1953), p. 51, 92-93. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1955-01-00  Abramson, Harold A. "Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25). III. As an Adjunct to Psychotherapy with Elimination of Fear of Homosexuality," Journal of Psychology, vol. 39 (Jan. 1955), p. 127-55. Abramson presents a verbatim recording of a four-hour interview with a forty-year-old woman, who under the influence of LSD speaks of her fear of Lesbianism. Abramson was the LSD expert, trusted by the CIA. who in Nov. 1953 twice examined Frank R. Olson—just before he committed suicide as a result of his involuntary participation in a CIA drug experiment (New York Times, July 11, 1975, p. 34, col. 5). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1956-00-00  Ellis, Albert. "The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy with Individuals Who Have Severe Homosexual Problems" (41 males. 12 females), Journal of Consulting Psychology, vol. 20 (1956), p. 191-95; reprinted as Albert Ellis, "The Use of Psychotherapy with Homosexuals" (41 males, 12 females), Mattachine Review, vol. 2, no. 1 (1956), p. 14-16; reprinted as “The Effectiveness . . . ,” in The Problem of Homosexuality in Modern Society, ed. Hendrik M. Ruitenbeek, p. 175-82 (N.Y.: Dutton, 1963). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1958-00-00  Ellis, Albert. "New Hope for Homosexuals," 1958, reprinted in The Third Sex, ed. Isadore Rubin, p. 53-57 (N.Y.: New Book Co., 1961). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1959-00-00  Mendelsohn, Fred, and Matthew Ross, "An Analysis of 133 Homosexuals Seen at A University Health Service" (109 males, 24 females), Diseases of the Nervous System, vol. 20, no. 6 (1959), p. 246-50. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1959-00-00  Robertiello, Richard C. Voyage from Lesbos: The Psychoanalysis of a Female Homosexual (N.Y. : Citadel, 1959), p. 238-47. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1959-00-00  Smith, Alexander B., and Alexander Bassin, "Group Therapy with Homosexuals," Journal of Social Therapy (N.Y.), vol. 5, no. 3 (1959), p. 227, 231-32. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1959-00-00  Zlotlow, Moses, and Albert E. Paganini, "Autoerotic and Homoerotic Manifestations in Hospitalized Male Postlobotomy Patients, Psychiatric Quarterly (Poughkeepsie, N.Y.), vol. 33, no. 3 (1959), P- 492-97. Tag: Medical Treatment. 

1961-00-00  Thomas Szasz. The Myth of Mental Illness (N.Y.: Hoeber and Harper, 1961). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1962-00-00  Caprio, Frank S. Female Homosexuality; A Psychodynamic Study of Lesbianism, foreword Karl M. Bowman (N.Y.: Grove Press, Evergreen Black Cat, 1962), p. 299- 301, 304. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1962-00-00  Hirschfeld, Magnus. "Adaptionsbehandlung (Anpassungstherapie) der Homosexualitat," ch. 23, p. 439-61 in Die Homosexualitat des Mannes und des Weibes, 2nd ed. (Berlin: Louis Marcus, 1920), translation by Henry Gerber, ONE Institute Quarterly (Los Angeles), vol. 5, nos. 2-3-4, issue 17 (Spring, Summer, Fall 1962). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1963-00-00  Ellis, Albert. "The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy with Individuals Who Have Severe Homosexual Problems" (41 males. 12 females), Journal of Consulting Psychology, vol. 20 (1956), p. 191-95; reprinted in The Problem of Homosexuality in Modern Society, ed. Hendrik M. Ruitenbeek, p. 175-82 (N.Y.: Dutton, 1963). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1963-00-00  Miller, Michael M. "Hypnotic-Aversion Treatment of Homosexuality," Journal of the National Medical Association, vol. 55, no. 5 (1963), p. 411-13, 415. Brief biographical information on Miller is in the American Medical Directory, 24th ed. (1967), part 2, p. 1503.

1963-00-00  Szasz, Thomas S. Law, Liberty, and Psychiatry: An Inquiry into the Social Uses of Mental Health Practices Thomas S. (N.Y.: Macmillan, 1963). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1964-00-00   "Fatal Emetine Poisoning from Aversion Treatment," (Westminster Inquest, Feb. 7, 1964), Medico-Legal Journal, vol. 32, no. 2 (1964), especially p. 95. Re W. T. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1964-00-00  Aschaffenburg,  Helga. "Relationship Therapy with a Homosexual: A Case History," Pastoral Counselor, vol. 4, no. 1 (1964), p. 412. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1964-00-00  Cory, Donald Webster, pseud. of Edward Sagarin and John P. LeRoy, pseud., "Why Homosexuals Resist Cure," Sexology, vol. 30, no. 7 (1964), p. 480-82 (an early homosexual emancipationist statement). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1964-00-00  Robertiello, Richard C. "Clinical Notes: Results of Separation from Iposexual Parents During the Oedipal Period, A Female Homosexual Panic," Psychoanalytic Review, vol. 51, no. 4 (1964-65), p. 670-72. Female client. Tags: lesbian; Medical Treatment.

1965-00-00  Roman, M. "The Treatment of the Homosexual in the Group," Topical Problems in Psychotherapy, vol. 5 (1965), p. 170-75. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1965-00-00  Socarides, Charles W. "Female Homosexuality," in Sexual Behavior and the Law, ed. Ralph Slovenko, ed., p. 462-77 (Springfield, 111.: Charles C. Thomas, 1965). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1965-00-00  Wilbur, Cornelia B. "Clinical Aspects of Female Homosexuality," in Sexual Inversion: The Multiple Roots of Homosexuality, ed. Judd Marmor, p. 268-81 (N.Y.: Basic Books, 1965). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1965-02-04  Labelle, Maurice. "Laws Need to Force 'Homos' to Seek Help," Coral Gable [Fla.] Times, Feb. 4, 1965, p. 6, 8. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1966-00-00  Kemph, John P.,  and Erna Schwerin, "Increased Latent Homosexuality in a Woman During Group Therapy," International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, vol. 16, no. 2 (1966), p. 217-24. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1966-00-00 Fluckiger, Fritz A. "Research Through a Glass Darkly: An Evaluation of the Bieber Study on Homosexuality," privately printed, 1966 (a homosexual emancipationist statement). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1967-00-00  Cautela, Joseph R. "Covert Sensitization," Psychological Reports (Missoula, Mont.), vol. 20, no. 2 (1967), p. 464-65. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1967-00-00  Cory, Donald Webster, pseud. of Edward Sagarin, "Homosexuality," in The Encyclopedia of Sexual Behavior, eds. Albert Ellis and Albert Abarbanel, p. 485-93, 2nd rev. ed. (N.Y.: Hawthorn, 1967). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1967-00-00  Doyle, Thomas L. "Homosexuality and Its Treatment," Nursing Outlook, vol. 15, no. 8 (1967), p. 38-40; Tags: lesbian; Medical Treatment.

1967-00-00  Frank, Jerome D. "Treatment of Homosexuals," Working Paper Prepared for the National Institute of Mental Health Task Force on Homosexuality, mimeographed (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1967), 13 p. UP TO HERE

1967-00-00  Golden, Joshua S. "Varieties of Sexual Problems in Obstetrical and Gynecological Practice," in Sexual Problems: Diagnosis and Treatment in Medical Practice, ed. Charles William Wahl (N.Y. : Free Press, 1967), p. 53-61. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1967-1100  Kaye Harvey E., and others, "Homosexuality in Women," Archives of General Psychiatry (Chicago), vol. 17 (Nov. 1967), p. 626, 632-34. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1968-03-00  Bernstein, Irving C. "Homosexuality in Gynecologic Practice," South Dakota Journal of Medicine, vol. 21 (March 1968), p. 33-39. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1969-04-00  Blair, Ralph, Etiology and Treatment Literature on Homosexuality, The Otherwise Monograph Series, no. 5 (National Task Force on Student Personnel Services and Homosexuality, 1972). According to Blair (p. 27), a survey reported in Modern Medicine (April 1969, p. 20) found that only one in four Lesbians interviewed wanted to become heterosexual.

197-00-00  Hadden, Samuel B. "Attitudes Toward and Approaches to the Problem of Homosexuality," Pennsylvania Medical Journal (Lemoyne, Pa.), vol. 6, no. 9 (1957), p. 1195-98. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1970-00-00  Szasz, Thomas S. The Manufacture of Madness; A Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental Health Movement (N.Y.: Delta Books, Dell, 1970), p. 49-52, 54-56, 62, 64-67. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1970-00-00  Szasz, Thomas. The Manufacture of Madness (N.Y.: Harper and Row, 1970). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1970-00-00 Rutner, Ivan T. "A Double-barrel Approach to Modification of Homosexual Behavior," Psychological Reports (Missoula, Mont.), vol. 26, no. 2 (1970), p. 356-58. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1970-12-00  Hooker, Evelyn, and others, "Final Report of the National Institute of Mental Health Task Force on Homosexuality," reprinted in SIECUS Newsletter (Dec. 1970). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1971-00-00  Karlen, Arno. Sexuality and Homosexuality; A New View (N.Y.: Norton, 1971), p. 332). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1971-00-00  Parker, William, Homosexuality; A Selective Bibliography of Over 3,000 Items (Me- Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1971). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1971-00-00  Radicalesbians Health Collective, "Lesbians and the Health Care System," mimeographed, 1971, reprinted in Jay and Young, p. 122-41. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1971-00-00  Robinson, Marty.  "Homosexuals & Society: The 'Cure' Is Rebellion," Village Voice (N.Y.), April 29, 1971. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1971-00-00  Teal, Donn. The Gay Militants (N.Y.: Stein and Day, 1971; on treatment p. 293-301). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1971-02-00  Kameny, Franklin E. "Gay Liberation and Psychiatry," Psychiatric Opinion, vol. 8, no. 1 (Feb. 1971 ), p. 18-27, reprinted in The Homosexual Dialectic, ed. Joseph A. McCaffrey (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1971-09-00  Hobson, Christopher Z. (James Coleman, pseud.), "Surviving Psychotherapy," Radical Therapy, vol. 2, no. 2 (Sept. 1971), reprinted in Jay and Young, p. 147-53.

1972-00-00  Alinder, Gary. "Gay Liberation Meets the Shrinks," in Jay and Young, p. 141-45.

1972-00-00  Chicago Gay Liberation Front, "A Leaflet for the American Medical Association," (1970), reprinted in Out of the Closets; Voice of Gay Liberation, eds. Karla Jay and Allen Young (N.Y.: Douglass, 1972), p. 145-47. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1972-00-00  Jay, Karla, and Allen Young, eds. Out of the Closets; Voice of Gay Liberation (N.Y.: Douglass, 1972). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1972-00-00  Kameny, Franklin E. "Gay Liberation and Psychiatry," Psychiatric Opinion, vol. 8, no. 1 (Feb. 1971 ), p. 18-27, reprinted in The Homosexual Dialectic, ed. Joseph A. McCaffrey (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1972-00-00  Weinberg, Martin S. and Alan P. Bell, Homosexuality; An Annotated Bibliography (N.Y.: Harper and Row, 1972), especially p. 287. The Weinberg and Bell bibliography contains a large, useful, alphabetical, annotated listing of books and articles dating from 1940 to 1968 on the treatment of homosexuals. The index provides a guide to types of treatment, and the introduction lists the various indexes and guides used in the compilation. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1972-11-00  Institute for Sex Research, "Homosexuality—Aversion and Behavior Therapy" (Nov. 1972). Mimeo- graphed bibliography. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1973-04-00  Bullough, Vern L., and Martha Voght in "Homosexuality and the 'Secret Sin' in Pre-Freudian America," Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, vol. 28, no. 2 (April 1973), P- J 43-55. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1974-00-00  Institute for Sex Research, "Homosexuality Therapy: Pre-1940" (May 1974). Mimeo- graphed bibliography. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1974-07-00  Silverstein, Charles [review of John Bancroft's Deviant Sexual Behavior: Modification and Assessment (London: Oxford University, 1974), Behavior Therapy, vol. 6, no. 4 (July 1975). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1974-10-17  Nicholas Deutsch, interviewed by Jonathan Katz, N.Y.C., Oct. 17, 1974. Tag: Helen Deutsch. Tag: Helene Deutsch; Medical Treatment.

1974-04-04  Anonymous, "The Agony of the Years After." Jonathan Ned Katz interview, April 29, 1974, with a gay man who experienced electroshock treatment. 

1975-00-00  Havelock Ellis, and John Addington Symonds, Sexual Inversion (London: Wilson and Macmillan, 1897; photo reprint, N.Y.: Arno, 1975). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1975-00-00  Klaich, Dolores.  Woman + Woman; Attitudes Toward Lesbianism (N.Y.: Morrow, 1975), paperback, p. 100-01. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1975-00-00  Lind, Earl.  Autobiography of an Androgyne, ed. with an intro. by Alfred W. Herzog (N.Y.: Medico-Legal Press, 1918; photo reprint, N.Y.: Arno, 1975), p. 41-42, 74, 197-201, 230 (on his castration). Tags: Medical Treatment; transgender.

1975-00-00  Lind, Earl. The Female Impersonators . . ., ed. with intro. by Alfred W. Herzog (N.Y.: Medico-Legal Press, 1922; photo reprint, N.Y.: Arno, 1975), p. 16, 67. Tags: medical treatment; transgender

1975-00-00  Mayne, Xavier (pseud. of Edward I. Prime Stevenson). The Intersexes; A History of Similisexualism as a Problem in Social Life ([Naples?:] Privately printed [R. Rispoli, 1908?]; photo reprint, N.Y.: Arno, 1975), p. 119-22, 549. Tag: Medical Treatment.

1976-00-00  Barker-Benfield, G. J., The Horrors of the Half-Known Life; Male Attitudes Toward Women and Sexuality in Nineteenth-Century America (N.Y.: Harper & Row, 1976). Tag: Medical Treatment.

1985-00-00  Schur, Edwin M. Crimes without Victims; Deviant Behavior and Public Policy: Abortion, Homosexuality, and Drug Addiction (Englewood Cliffs, N.Y.: Prentice-Hall, 1965). Tag: Medical Treatment.

2020-08-24 Sammon, Patrick (Producer and Director), Bennett Singer (Producer and Director) Cured, world premiere in Los Angeles of documentary film on the history of resistance to medical treatment for homosexuality. Five years in the making, CURED illuminates a pivotal yet largely unknown chapter in the struggle for LGBTQ equality: the campaign that led the American Psychiatric Association (APA) to remove homosexuality from its manual of mental illnesses. Before this momentous 1973 decision, the medical establishment viewed every gay and lesbian person as diseased and in need of a cure. Business and government used the mental-illness classification to justify discrimination and bigotry. As long as lesbians and gay men were “sick,” progress toward equality was nearly impossible.  Incorporating a trove of newly unearthed archival material — much of it unseen for decades — CURED takes audiences inside this riveting narrative to chronicle the strategy and tactics that led to a crucial turning point in the movement for LGBTQ rights. Indeed, following the Stonewall rebellion of 1969, the battle that culminated in the APA’s decision marked the first major step on the path to first-class citizenship for LGBTQ Americans. CURED sheds new light on this victory — which was far from inevitable — while situating the APA story within the larger context of the modern movement for LGBTQ equality. lm/