Native American LGBTQ+ Americans, 1528-1976, by Jonathan Ned Katz

These documents about LGBTQ+ Native Americans present years of testimony from a wide variety of observers: military men, missionaries, explorers, trappers, traders, settlers, and later, medical doctors, anthropologists, homosexual emancipationists, and LGBTQ+ activists. In a few rare instances the voices of LGBTQ+ Native Americans are heard. This is adapted from Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (NY: Crowell, 1976). The notes to these documents contain numbers of additional sources. Last edit: May 31, 2021.

Francisco Coreal: Effeminate Boys: 1666-1697

Francisco Coreal's Voyages during the years 1666-97 included observations of the Natives of Florida, among whom he found much sodomy. He speaks of a large group of effeminate boys who take the women's role in various tribal activities, and who are allegedly held in contempt by the other Natives.

Voyages de Francois Cereal aux Indes occidentales ... 3 vols. [Amsterdam: F. Frederick Bernard, 1722], vol. I, p. 33-34). This is a French translation of the original Spanish.